IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0 


I.I 


m  jiiiM 

Ml    ^= 

Bits 


IM 
1.8 


1.25 

1.4      1.6 

•• 6"     

► 

Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


A. 


&>/ 


'1 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


EZl 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurte  et/ou  pellicul6e 


□    Cover  title  missing/ 


titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


□    Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

I      I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relit  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restor&tion  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  itait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  At6  filmAes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppltmentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


r~n   Coloured  pages/ 


D 
D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  peliicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachettes  ou  piqu6es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  intgale  de  i'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppiimentaire 


I — I  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~71  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

r~7|  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  AtA  filmies  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


1 

ti 


7 
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0 

f 


C 
b 

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fi 
8 
0 


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d 

e 
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ri 
r« 
rr 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

px 

26X 

30X 

z 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  hare  hat  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAn6rosit*  de: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"). 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  AtA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  uumpte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  filmA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  filmAs  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  —^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmAs  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

..v."*- 


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Qoupty. 


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PRODUCTIONS  AND  TOWNS. 

60  ' 


Si) 


ABERDEEN,  W.  T.: 

Abkedbbn  Herald  Print. 

1888, 


X 


.  I 


ilBERDEEN^JBERDEEN. 

Town  Property  for  Sale 


BY 


Samubl   Bbnn, 

Original  Proprietor  of  the  Town, 


Although    the   youngest,   Aberdeen    is   the   largest  town  on 

Gray's  Harbor,  and  the  principal  commercial 

center  of  Chehalis  County. 


Persons  dfesiring  to  engage  in  any  manufacturing  enterprise 

will  do  well  to  correspond  with  me  before 

locating  elsewhere. 


Address, 


SAMUEL  BENN, 

Aberdeen,  Wash.  Ter. 


:N. 


N, 


vn  on 


rprise 


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PA c I r I c 


O  C  E  JlK 


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waters.  It  cminol,  indeed,  he  denied,  that  tlie  hoitts  constitute,  juridically,  an  append.ii^c 
of  tlie  schooner  to  which  they  hclong.  ronsequently  their  s<i/,ure  in  territorial 
Kilters  renders  tiie  captin-e  of  the  vessels,  of  whieh  they  in  v.'ine  ri'specls  t'orin  part, 
licrftctlN  lei;al.  If  it  were  otherwise,  a  schooner  eonUl  with  impunity  pursue  seals  on  Iho 
ronsts  hy  sendiiif^  her  hoats  there,  and  thus  mriin^'e  llie  inviolahility  of  terr'torial  wat'"  % 
altliDML'li  hers'lf  reMiainin'^  outside  the  said  waters.  Taking  this  view  of  the  nvitler,  t  .., 
('i)inuiission  recognized  the  lejjidity  of  the  'iei/ur<'  of  the  s(;lioouers  "  Marie,"  "  Ilosie 
Olsiii,"  "Cnrmolile,"  and  "  Vancouver  Meile,'"  but  was  unable  to  do  so  in  tlie  case  of  the 
seizure  of  the  schooners  "  Willio  Mc(iowan"  and  "  .\riel."  There  can,  however,  be  no 
i|iw^iion  as  to  the  serious  nature  of  the  indie  itions  which  induced  t!ie  Couiinandcrs  of  our 
cruizcrs  to  institute  n  search  on  board  these  last  named  vessels.  The  "  Willie  Me(u)wan  " 
tiK '  flight  as  soon  as  she  had  sighted  the  Russian  crui/.er,  and  she  refused  to  heave-to  at 
till'  •  iiinnions  of  the  *'  Zabiaka." 

Though  the  ronunander  of  the  Kussian  cruizei  did  nut  see  the  boats  of  the  "  Willie 
McGowan  "  engaged  in  the  illegal  |)nrsuit  of  se.ils  in  our  territorial  waters,  lie  had  beca 
iiilDniifd  of  il  by  tiie  inl)nl)itants  of  the  coast.  The  search  revealed  the  irresencc  on  board 
(if  implements  used  for  sealing  on  the  coast,  as  well  as  of  seventy-six  skins,  of  which  si.\ty- 
iiine  liad  been  taken  from  female  animals,  who  must,  therefore,  have  been  killed  close  to 
ilie  siiore  ;  90  per  cent,  of  the  skins  found  on  board  the  "  Ariel  "  had  probably  also  been 
taken  I'lom  nursing  females,  and  belonged  to  seals  caught  in  Russian  territorial  waters. 

The  importance  of  this  evidence  was  fully  recognized  hy  the  rommission.  Ft  was  not 
considered,  however,  as  amounting  to  positive  proof  such  as  would  justify  '.he  seizure  of 
the  schooners,  owing  to  the  absence  of  an  essential  condition:  their  boats  had  not  been 
sighted  in  actual  pursuit  of  seals  in  Russian  waters. 

In  bringing  what  precedes  to  your  knowledge,  M.  TAmbassadeur,  I  consider  it  my 
limy  to  inform  you  that,  in  view  of  the  findings  of  the  Commission  as  descrilied  above,  the 
Imperial  Govornmcr.t  would  not  refuse  to  proceed  to  an  assessment  of  the  indemnity  to  be 
jiiiid  to  the  owners  of  the  schooners  "  Willie  McGowan  "  and  "  Ariel." 

I  have,  &c. 
(Signed)  CIIICIIKINK. 


I  to  transmit 


Fnclosurc  2. 


Report  of  Sprcial  Commiiixion. 

LA  Commission  chargee  d'examiner  les  documents  et  les  depositions  sc  rapportant  il 
la  saisie,  op^rec  par  des  croiseurs  Russes,  de  bdtimcnts  Canadiens  qui  pechaient  I'otarie 
dans  iios  enux  territoriales,  a  suumis  i\  unc  enquete  ddtaillee  les  plaintes  formnlees  par  les 
('(|uipages  de  ces  b^tinicnts  au  snjet  de  mauvais  traitements  qu'ils  auraient  subis  a  leur 
(leseente  h  P(?tropavlovsk.  Ces  plaintes  cons'u;nt'es  dans  la  note  de  I'Ambassadeur  Hritan- 
nii|ue  (lu  17  (29)  Novembrc,  1892,  ct  dans  les  ddclarations  y  annexees,  etaient  nccuin- 
pngiues  d'unc  reclamation  coiitre  les  conditions  trfes  onereuses  (|ui  auraient  ete  conclues, 
en  viic  du  rapatrioment  des  dquipages  en  question,  entre  le  commandant  du  "  Zabiaka  " 
(t  le  ca))itaine  du  bateau  Amerieain  *•  Majestic.''  La  Commission  eut  dgalement  il  se 
prononcer  sur  cctte  reclamation,  iq)r«is  avoir  dAinent  pris  connaissance  des  circonstances 
qui  s'y  rapportaient. 

II  appert  tout  d'abord,  tant  des  depositions  verbales  du  Capitaiue  de  Livron  epic  des 
documents  figurant  au  dossier  de  I'affaire,  (|ue  les  mesures  prises  par  lo  Commandant  du 
noiscur  "Zabiaka"  a  I'egard  des  I'upiipiiges  des  schooners  arretds  n'claient  nullcmeiit  en 
ciiutradiction  avce  le  principc  mis  en  avant  dans  la  note  precit6e  dc  .Sir  R.  .Morier. 
l)'ii|)r»}s  I'Ambassadeur  de  Sa  Majeste  Britanniijue,  ies  homines  des  schooners  auraient 
(ins  etre  mis  en  liberte  en  m6me  temps  que  les  bi'itiments  etaient  captures.  C'est  c<;  (|U0 
fit,  en  efl'et,  le  Capitninc  de  Livron.  Ayaiit  opere  la  prise  sans  reiicontrer  de  ii'sistanco  ct 
en  ayant  dressd  I'rotoeole,  il  s'empressa  de  declarer  libres  leurs  capitaines  ct  lours 
equipages.  AussitAt  apres,  conformement  a  ses  instructions,  il  les  transporta  dans  le  port 
Husse  le  plus  (n'oelie.  Le  jietit  bourg  de  Petropavlovsk  comptant  en  tout  300  habitants, 
n'ofl'rail  pas  de  constructions  particnliiires  assez  grandes  pour  qu'ils  pusscnt  s'y  logt-r.  \in 
consdquenee,  il  fut  propose  i\  ces  honimes  (|ui,  tacore  unc  fois,  n'dtaient  nullemeut  en  ctat 
d'arrestiition  et  jouissaicnt  de  toute  leur  liberte,  d'occuper  le  seul  biitiment  de  I'Ktat  (ini  se 
trouvail  disponible.  Malheureuscment  il  u'dlait  pas  suHisamment  spacieux.  Le  (/Oui- 
mandant  du"  Zabiaka"  n'en  apportn  que  pins  de  soins  i\  hitter  nut;mt  ipie  possible  le 
rapiiliiemenl  des  eipiipages  des  sehooncrs.     11  s'.idressa  a  cet  ellet  au  capitaine  du  biitc:iu 


i*  1}  C  tK.  V-^f 


I  NTRODIJCTION 


In  compilinjj;  and  publishing  the  following  pamphlet,  we  have  aimed  to 
do  simple  justice  to  a  part  of  Washington  Territory  that  has  been,  in  the 
past  on  account  of  lack  of  facilities  lor  transportation,  little  known  to  the 
general  public.  We  have  been  careful  n"t  to  exaggerate,  and  not  to  lead 
the  home-seeker  astray.  Our  aim  has  been  to  give  such  information  as  shall 
be  reliable  and  of  use  to  the  capitalist  seeking  investments,  to  the  laborer  seek- 
ing employment,  and  to  the  home-seeker  wishing  a  location  for  his  family. 
If  we  have  succeeded  in  giving  such  information  as  will  assist  the  public,  we 
are  satisfied. 

Publisher. 


CHEHALIS  COUNTY. 


?  aimed  to 
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lot  to  lead 
on  as  shall 
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bis  family, 
public,  we 

5Hp:r. 


There  is  no  county  in  Western  Washinjjton  about  which  so  much  cm  he 
said,  and  yet  not  exhaust  the  subject,  as  of  Chehalis  County. 

rOPO(;RAPHY. 

This  county  is  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Pacific  ocean,  on  the  south  by 
a  ranj^e  of  hills  that  divide  it  from  Pacific  county,  on  the  east  and  north  by 
the  Black  hills  and  Cascade  range,  making  it  the  natural  basin  for  the  drain- 
age of  these  iiills.  The  northern  and  southern  portions  of  the  county  are 
broken  by  a  continuous  range  of  wooded  hills,  while  the  center  is  one  hjng 
\alley.  some  70  miles  in  length  by  12  miles  in  width. 

f  CLIMATF.    AM)    HRAI.  PHKULNESS. 

Lying  on  the  extreme  western  border  of  the  territory,  the  Pacific  ocean 
being  its  western  boundary,  and  (iray's  Harbor  bc'ng  a  direct  arm  of  the 
Pacific,  gives  tiiis  county  an  atlvantage  in  climate  not  possessed  by  any  other 
county  in  Wishington  Territory.  The  fact  that  the  Japan  current  not  only 
washes  the  shores  of  this  county  but  penetrates  the  center  of  it.  by  means  of 
(iray's  H.u'bor  and  the  lowr  part  of  the  Chehalis  river  is  sufficient  to  tell 
the  stranger  the  climate  of  the  county  varies  from  that  of  the  climate  of 
the  vine  clad  hills  of  western  France  to  that  of  the  evergreen  hills  of  Ireland 
and  the  peach  orchards  of  England. 

A  range  of  low  hills  along  the  sea  coast  protects  it  from  the  heavy  win- 
ter winds,  and  the  timber  clad  slopes  along  the  foot  hills  protect  the  \alley 
from  the  snow  mountains;  hence  it  is  not  subject  to  sudden  atmospheric 
changes.  The  average  temperature  during  the  last  five  years,  as  estimated 
by  Mr.  E.  L.  Wade,  a  competent  and  careful  observe  is,  average  highest 
temperature,  72  degrees;  average  lowest  temperature,  40  degrees. 

The  climate  of  the  county  is  so  equable  that  such  diseases  as  pneumonia 
and  other  lung  complaints  are  of  rare  occurrence;  the  diseases  that  usually 
belong  to  childhood  are  so  light  that  children  with  measles  mumps,  and  the 
like,  are  allowed  to  run  out  of  doors  while  under  the  physician's  care. 
Most  of  the  mortality  is  the  result  of  old  age  or  accident;  the  nurse  and  sur- 
geon taking  the  place  of  the  physician. 

rivp:rs. 
The  principal  river  of  this  county  is  the  Chehalis.  Rising  in  the  center 
of  the  western  slope  of  the  Coast  range,  it  flows  south-westerly  until  it 
reaches  the  borders  of  Chehalis  county,  then  flows  west  into  the  Pacific  ocean, 
via  Gray's  Harbor.  Flowing  for  a  distance  of  over  sixty  miles  through  a 
comparatively  level  country,  it  is  not  rapid  or  subject  to  summer  floods; 
while  at  the  same  time  it  affords  adequate  opportunity  for  drainage  to  the 
numerous  farms  through  which  it  passes,  as  well  as  carrying  oflfthe  surplus 
water  of  the  streams  that  are  tributary  to  it.  This  stream  is  navigable  to  sea 
going  vessels  for  a  distance  of  fourteen  miles.  Lumber  laden  vessels  from 
Montesano  pass  down  the  river  without  any  trouble  whatever. 


?nB215 


This  is  the  largest,  deepest  stream  in  Western  Washinjjton,  the  official 
record  beinj^  that  vessels  drawinj^  three  feet  of  water  can  navigate  it  for  a 
distance  of  seventy  miles  above  its  mouth  during  nine  months  in  the  year. 
The  area  of  the  land  drained  by  this  system  is  about  2600  square  miles. 

Tributary  to  the  Chehalis  nver  are  the  Skookumchuck,  Black,  Delazene, 
Coquolum,  Workman,  Lincoln,  Mock  Chehalis,  Porter's  (iladdis,  Barker's, 
Williams,  Satsop  and  Wynoochie  rivers,  all  capable  of  being  used  to  convey 
logs  to  the  Chehalis  for  transportation  to  (iray's  Harbor. 

Among  the  tributaries  of  the  Chehalis  river  the  Satsop  and  Wynoochie 
are  the  most  important;  both  are  navigable  (|uite  a  distance  for  small  boats, 
and  both  drain  a  large  area  of  agriculutral  and  timber  land. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  Chehalis  river  we  meet  the  Wishkah,  a  river  navi- 
gable for  steamers  a  distance  of  fifteen  miles,  where  it  divides  into  two 
branches,  running  several  miles  into  the  hills,  making  accessible  the  vast 
quantities  of  timber  in  the  region  through  which  it  flows. 

Four  miles  further  west  emptying  into  Gray's  Harbor,  is  the  Hoquiam, 
a  stream  navigable  for  steamers  a  distance  of  twelve  miles.  This,  like  the 
Wishkah,  divides  into  nume^oas  branches,  enabling  settlers  and  lumbermen 
to  penetrate  to  the  hills  without  the  necessity  of  first  making  roads.  About 
ten  miles  further  west  is  the  Humptulips  river,  emptying,  like  the  Wishkah, 
into  the  north  side  of  Gray's  Harbor.  Though  not  accessible  to  tide  water 
as  the  Wishkah  and  Hoquiam,  it  is  nevertheless  the  outlet  of  a  large  area  of 
agricultural  country  and  timber  land. 

In  the  southwest  corner  of  the  county  is  Elk  river,  flowing  principally 
through  tide  prairie,  above  which  it  is  capable  of  transporting  logs  to  tide 
water  during  the  fall  and  winter  rains. 

In  addition  to  the  water  courses  mentioned,  are  several  creeks  flowing 
into  bays  that  form  part  of  Gray's  Harbor,  such  as  Redmond  creek,  Charley's 
creek,  Grass  creek,  etc. 

Before  departing  from  our  present  subject  we  may  well  notice  the  facts 
that  present  themselves  when  we  study  the  rivers  of  Chehalis  coimty,  viz: 
no  other  county  in  Washington  Territory  is  as  well  watered ;  no  other  county 
possesses  .so  many  navigable  streams  and  no  other  county  can,  like  Chehalis, 
carry  her  immense  wealth  from  the  north,  east  and  south  to  the  sea  board  on 
the  west,  with  little  or  no  damage  or  loss  and  very  little  expense. 

SOIL  AND  GENERAL  FEATURES. 

This  county  has  a  coast  line  of  sixty  miles,  reaching  within  35  miles  of 
the  Columbia  river;  extending  from  the  sea  to  the  Cascade  mountains,  and 
containing  2,000,000  acres  of  land.  There  is  but  little  land  that  cannot  be 
utilized,  either  for  direct  farming  or  grazing  purposes.  The  soil  in  the  tim- 
ber and  on  the  hills  is  of  a  loamy  clay  nature,  making  it  as  a  rule  the  very 
best  land  for  fruit  raising  of  all  kinds  that  belong  to  temperate  climates. 
One  of  the  peculiarities  of  this  hill  soil  is  that  as  soon  as  the  sun  is  let  shine 
upon  it,  it  at  once  produces  grass  and  white  clover  without  cultivation. 
These  hills  will  some  day  make  valuable  grazing  farms. 

The  soil  of  the  river  bottoms  is  of  rich  sandy  loam,  capable  of  raising 
immense  crops  of  whatever  may  be  planted  in  it-  From  three  to  five  hun- 
dred bushels  of  potatoes  to  one  acre  is  not  an  uncommon  yield;  three  and 
four  tons  of  hay  to  an  acre  is  a  general  crop. 

There  are  vast  quantities  of  rich  bottom  lands  on  the  Chehalis,  Satsop, 
Wynoochie,  Wishkah,  Hoquiam,  Humptulips  and  John's  river;  the  valley  of 
the  Chehalis  being  the  largest  and  most  improved.     With  the  exceptions  of 


he  official 
0  it  for  a 
the  year, 
niles. 
Delazene, 
Barker's, 
to  convey 

^ynoochie 
all  boats, 

■iver  navi- 
into  two 
the  vast 

Hoquiam, 
like  the 
imbermen 
i.  About 
Wishkah, 
ide  water 
?e  area  of 

)rincipally 
rs  to  tide 

;s  flowing 
Charley's 

e  the  facts 
inty,   viz: 
er  county 
Chehalis, 
board  on 


5  miles  of 
ains,  and 
:annot  be 
I  the  tim- 
the  very 
climates, 
let  shine 
Itivation. 

)f  raising 
five  hun- 
hree  and 

Satsop, 
valley  of 
ptions  of 


the  lands  on  the  Satsop,  Cht^halis  and  Wynochie,  tlu"  hotlonis  partake  of  the 
nature  of  tide  prairies,  showinj^j  where  they  have  b.eii  reclaimed  and  brought 
under  cultivation,  a  strong  durable  soil,  some  of  it  that  has  been  under  con- 
tinuous cultivation  for  a  period  of  thirty  years,  producing  better  crops  to-day 
than  when  first  reclaimed.  I**ertilizers  are  never  used.  The  high  prairies  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  country,  are  of  a  gravely  nature;  these  are  not  as  good 
for  general  farming  as  the  other  parts,  but  they  make  excellent  early  and  late 
pasture  for  cattle  and  sheep. 

PRODUCTIONS. 

The  natural  productions  of  the  county  are  lumber,  ^ra.ss.  stone,  miner- 
als and  fish.  The  timber  on  the  hills  is  principally  ve!:ow  and  red  fir,  white 
cedar,  spruce,  hemlock,  white  and  bull  pine;  the  li  .er  being  found  in  .small 
quantities  near  the  sea  coast.  In  the  low  lands  are  round  nvA]>]  ,  cottonwood, 
hardback,  ^ .  .. ,  ash,  alder  and  spruce.  The  upper  prairies  produce  a  species 
of  opV  that  is  used  extensively  by  boat  builders.  For  commercial  purpo.ses, 
no  belter  timber  can  be  found  than  the  fir  for  ship  <ind  house  building; 
unlike  the  oak  it  contains  no  acid,  hence  iron  or  copper  docs  not  corrode; 
nails  driven  into  it  cannot  be  withdrawn  but  have  to  be  l)roken  off.  For  lin- 
ings, boxing,  and  furniture  no  better  lumber  can  be  found  than  spruce,  iiav- 
ing  no  flavor  and  leaving  no  stain.  For  outside  furniture  finish  and  veneer- 
ing the  maple  cannot  be  surpa.ssed,  while  for  such  utensils  as  wooden  bowls, 
etc.,  the  cottonwood  is  of  the  very  best,  and  for  table  legs,  etc.,  the  alder  is 
such  as  will  bring  the  highest  price  in  the  market.  Various  other  woods  are 
found  not  mentioned  here,  as  they  bear  no  special  relation  to  commerce. 

The  stone  found  in  this  county  is  that  known  as  the  soft  sand  stone.  It 
is  quarried  out  in  the  usual  way  and  then  sawed  into  the  rccjuired  shape. 
The  peculiarity  of  this  stone  is  that  it  becomes  very  hard  upon  being  exposed 
to  the  action  of  fire,  or  other  of  the  elements;  this  makes  it  one  of  the  most 
valuable  of  building  stones. 

Coal  is  found  in  small  quantities  on  several  of  the  rivers,  but  no  interest 
as  yet  has  been  manifested  in  prospecting  for  this  valuable  mineral. 

Of  grasses  there  are  three  distinct  kinds:  the  tide  grass,  remarkable  for 
its  fattening  properties;  the  white  clover  of  the  bluff  land,  remarkable  for  its 
milk  producmg  properties,  and  the  high  prairie  grass,  which  makes  excellent 
spring  and  fall  feed  While  the  above  gra.sses  are  indigenous,  all  other 
grasses  yield  abundant  crops  wherever  they  are  cultivated. 

The  waters  of  this  county  produce  an  abundance  of  fish;  the  principal 
food  fish  being  the  silver  salmon  (one  'rhynchus  quinnat),  the  O.  Keta,  a 
delicious  salmon,  found  in  the  Quinault  river;  the  black  cod  (oncorhynchus 
fimbrin);  several  species  of  rock  cod;  .salmon  tjO"t".  and  sole.  Among  the 
smaller  food  fish  are  smelt,  herring  and  the  brook  trout.  Valuable  for  oil 
are  dog-fi.sh,  ground  shark  and  .sturgeon. 

Of  the  edible  mollusks  are  the  clams  of  different  varieties,  and  oysters 
these  are  destined  in  the  near  future  to  be  of  great  commercial  value. 

Of  the  wild  and  fur  bearing  animals  may  be  mentioned  the  black  bear, 
mink,  musk  lat,  beaver,  cougar,  mountain  goat,  deer  and  elk.  These  are 
found  either  along  the  streams  or  on  the  foot  hills. 

Clay  for  brick  making  is  found  in  abundance  in  the  western  part  of  the 
county. 

HOPS. 

The  soil  in  the  river  bottoms  is  very  much  of  the  .same  nature  as  the 
Puyallup  and  the  .Stuck  river  bottoms,  famed  for  their  hop  producing  quali- 


I 


4 


ties;  and  until  within  the  last  two  years  no  one  has  attempted  to  raise  hops 
in  this  county.  Dr.  French  of  Elma,  has  demonstrated  that  hops  are  a 
paying  crop.  The  lana  he  used  for  testing  the  crop  is  not  as  good  for  that 
purpose  as  most  of  his  land,  yet  his  yield  will  average  from  2000  pounds  to 
2500  pounds.  The  cost  of  raising  and  curing  hops  is  from  seven  and  a  half 
cents  to  eight  cents  per  poiuul,  and  the  price  received  ranges  from  twenty 
cents  to  one  dollar  per  pound;  even  at  twenty  cents  per  pound  the  profit  on 
every  acre  of  hops  produced  will  be  $240. 

The  hop  grower  possesses  an  advantage  over  the  ordinary  crop  raiser, 
from  the  fact  that  he  has  to  have  no  exjiensive  machinery,  and  the  wood  used 
in  curing  his  hojis,  can  he  procured  in  the  season  of  the  year  when  nothing 
else  is  being  done.  He  can  grow  small  jjatches  in  stumpy  land  and  does  not 
have  to  wait  until  he  has  cleared  a  farm  before  he  receives  returns,  Chehalis 
county  is  eminently  adapted  for  this  purpose,  possessing  rich  alluvial  river 
bottoms,  and  where  it  is  bluffland.  At  the  foot  of  these  bluffs  are  jxitches 
that  in  themselves  are  worth  a  whole  eastern  farm,  when  used  in  hop  culture. 
The  average  New  York  farmer  does  well  when  he  secures  an  average  yield 
of  Moo  pounds  per  acre,  yet  he  makes  money.  The  lands  of  this  county 
will  produce  an  average  yield  of  2000  pounds,  why  not  our  farmer  make 
money? 

(IKN'ERAI,    DKSCRll'TION. 

The  !)asin  of  the  Chehalis  has  an  arcNi  of  2,400  square  miles,  and  is 
divided  into  three  natural  divisions;  the  eastern  or  prairie;  the  middle  or 
river  bottom,  and  the  western  or  tide  prairie  portion.  P^acli  of  these  are 
bordered  with  hills  covered  with  an  immense  growth  of  fn-  and  hemlock  tim- 
ber, accessible  to  the  mills  on  Gray's  Harbor  by  the  numerous  streams  that 
empty  into  it. 

The  eastern  portion  of  the  county  has  the  same  g(;neral  features  until 
the  Satsop  river  is  reached,  being  equally  divided  betueiMi  irravel  i)rairieand 
hne  bottom  land,  with  hills  on  either  side  sloping  towards  the  Chehalis  river. 
Early  wheat,  rye  and  oats  do  well  on  these  prairies,  while  potatoes,  turnips 
and  all  roots  of  that  class  produce-  incredible  cro|)s  in  the  bottoms. 

From  the  Satsop  river  west  to  the  Wynoochie  ri\er  thi'  chiract'-r  of  the 
country  changes,  in  that  there  is  not  so  much  prairie,  but  more  river  bottom 
and  a  lietter  quality  of  timber;  and  what  has  l)eensaid  of  tl^e  eastern  portion, 
as  regards  the  raising  of  crops,  is  equally  as  true  of  this  part.  Tl;e  Satsop, 
which  makes  the  eastern  boundary  of  this  division,  is  a  beautiful  stream, 
clear  but  swift,  the  sportsman's  paradise;  rising  in  the  mountains,  its  waters 
are  always  cool. 

The  Vvynooi'hie,  which  forms  its  western  boimdary,  like  the  Satsop  rises 
in  the  foot  hills  of  the  Olympic  range,  but  in  other  respects  differs  froiii  the 
.Satsop  being  larger  and  less  rapid,  not  washing  its  l)anks,  aufl  beini'  the  out- 
let to  a  large  scope  of  prime  agricultural  and  timber  country.  '1  nC  timber 
in  the  region  at  the  heads  of  these  .uid  the  rivers  furtlier  west  is  certainly  the 
finest  in  Washington  Territory,  it  not  in  the  world.  It  would  seem  ast'^nigh 
nature  had  made  a  special  effort  to  combine  all  its  fjowers  to  make  this  coun- 
try one  of  the  first  commercial  centers  of  this  northwestern  emjjire. 

Both  the  Satsop  and  Wynoochie  valleys  are  being  rapidly  s  'ttled  Ijy  a 
thrifty,  earnest,  reliable  class  of  citizens,  who  believe  in  .schools  and  churches 
and  perseverance,  and  a  rapid  development  is  the  consequence. 

From  the  Wynoochie  to  the  sea-board,  the  country  presents  a  new  fea- 
ure;    instead  of  the  rolling  prairie  and   loamy  river  bottom,  we  have  the 


I 


to  raise  hops 
at   hops  are  a 

good  for  that 
)oo  pounds  to 
ven  and  a  half 

from  twenty 

the  profit  on 

'  crop  raiser, 

ie  wood  used 
vhen  nothing 

and  does  not 
ns.      Chehaiis 

alhivial  river 
are  j).itches 
1  iioj)  culture. 
a\-eraoe  yield 
i  this  county 
farmer  make 


miU-s,    and  is 

lit'   middk-  (jr 

li  of  these  are 

hemlock  tim- 

streams  that 

features  until 
^el  i)rairieand 
'hehalis  river, 
itoes,  turnips 
ns. 

iract' r  of  the 
river  liotiom 
'tern  portion, 
The  Safsop, 
itiful  .stream, 
s,    its  waters 

Satsojj  rises 
fers  from  the 
eini>  theout- 
1  jiC  timber 
ertainly  the 
m  as  t'">ugh 
ce  thiseoun- 
ire. 

s  'ttled  by  a 
nd  churches 

s  a  new  fea- 
I'e  have  the 


dense  forest  and  broad  tide  prairies  bordering  the  banks  of  the  rivers  that 
empty  directly  into  Gray's  Harbor,  as  well  as  bordering  its  shores.  From 
any  eminence  near  the  Harbor,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  is  slope  rising 
above  slope,  each  clad  with  a  growth  of  timber  superior  to  its  fellow  at  its 
foot,  and  all  sloping  towards  some  of  the  many  streams  that  flow  into  the 
Wishkah,  Hoquiam,  Humptulips  and  John's  river. 

Opening  into  the  Neushkah  and  John's  river  country  is  the  north  slope 
of  the  North  river  valley,  famed  for  its  prime  agricultural  district;  while  from 
the  foot  of  these  hills  on  both  sides  of  Gray's  Harbor  stretches  the  far-famed 
tide  flats,  dotted  with  browsing  herds  of  cattle;  while  such  nooks  as  South 
bay,  Redmond  creek  and  John's  river,  hiding  as  it  were  from  the  stranger's 
gaze,  are  several  farms  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  dairy  ranches  and  log- 
ging camps.  In  all  of  these  districts,  fruit  trees  such  as  apples,  pears,  plums 
and  cherries  prosper,  especially  when  planted  on  hills  facing  the  westerly 
sun;  strawberries  and  all  small  fruits  yield  abundantly. 

The  next  division  that  claims  our  attention  is  Gray's  Harbor.  As  the 
wealth  of  empires  lodged  in  Rome,  so  all  the  wealth  of  Chehaiis  County 
lodges  in  Gray's  Harbor.  All  the  rivers  and  creeks  in  the  county  empty 
into  it,  either  directly  or  indirectly;  all  the  hills  slope  towards  it,  and  all  the 
ravines  fall  towards  it.  Without  question  this  inlet  is  the  most  liberally 
endowed,  materially,  with  the  elements  to  make  it  the  greatest  body  of  water 
in  the  west,  between  .San  PVancisco  and  Puget  Sound.  It  is  superior  to 
Puget  .Sound  in  the.se  respects:  It  is  three  hundred  miles  nearer  San  Frau- 
cisco.  It  is  nearer  the  direct  route  of  the  Asiatic  and  Australian  trade.  It 
is  nearer  the  center  of  Western  Washington,  and  it  will  some  day  control 
the  shipping  interests  of  Northern  Oregon.  Any  vessels  passing  into  Puget 
Sound,  can  pass  into  Gray's  Harbor.  It  is  the  natural  outlet  of  a  tract  of 
country  containing  2600  square  miles,  rich  in  timber,  mineral,  agricultural 
and  grazing  lands;  2000  square  miles  of  this  lies  in  the  valleys  drained  by 
the  Chehaiis  river  and  its  tributaries.  It  is  true  that  there  is  a  bar  at  the 
entrance  of  the  harbor,  but  at  low  tide  it  carries  20  feet  of  water,  with  a  well 
defined  line  of  breakers  on  each  side;  there  are  no  shifting  bars,  and  instead 
of  becoming  shoal,  the  bar  is  now  deeper  than  when  surveyed  in  18S2.  The 
distance  across  the  mouth  of  the  channel  is  700  feet.  The  average  distance 
acro.ss  the  bar  between  the  cur\es  of  20  feet  is  1 500  feet.  The  width  of  the 
inside  bar  is  ?200  feet,  with  ifX)  feet  of  water.  The  estimated  anchorage 
area,  inside  the  bar,  is  4500  acres,  carrying  from  30  feet  to  50  feet  of  water 
at  low  tide. 

TOWNS. 

On  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  county,  located  on  an  open  prairie, 
dotted  with  scrub  oak,  is  the  hamlet  of  Oakville.  This  serves  as  a  trading 
"center  for  a  prosperous  mining  community.  The  stage  carrying  the  mail 
between  Olympia  and  Montesano  stops  to  change  horses  and  allow  travelers 
an  h  ur  for  dinner  at  this  place.  Oakville  consists  of  a  general  merchan- 
dise store  kept  by  Fitzgerald  Bros. ,  a  post  office,  blacksmith  shop  and  hotel. 

CEDARVILLE. 

Following  the  course  of  the  Chehaiis  river  we  soon  reach  the  oldest  set- 
tlement in  the  county.  It  was  here  the  early  settlers  found  refuge  from  the 
savages,  within  the  walls  of  the  blockhouse.  This  place  was  settled  thirty- 
five  years  ago  by  Mr.  James  Smith,  the  present  owner. 

For  many  years  this  was  the  stopping  place  for  the  stages,  when  it  was 


,  >■ 


$ 

proverbial  for  its  good  meals  and  hospitable  features,  but  lately  the  cook,  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  Smith,  moved  to  Oakville,  to  take  into  training  one  of  the 
Messrs.  Fitzgerald,  and  the  public  has  followed  her.  Mr.  J.  Smith,  the  pro- 
prietor of  this  hamlet,  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Washington  Territory,  and 
unlike  many  who  wait  for  something  to  turn  up,  has  succeeded  in  turning 
himself  up  one  of  the  best  farms  in  Western  Washington ;  everything  around 
his  home  shows  the  thorough  character  of  the  man. 

ELMA. 

The  incorporated  village  of  Elma  is  located  in  the  center  of  a  rich  and 
prosperous  community  of  farmers.  It  was  platted  in  1H77,  by  Joseph  I. 
Young.  In  1878,  Mr.  J.  A.  Anderson  opened  a  trading  post  at  this  point, 
soon  others  followed  until  to-day  Elma  contains  three  general  stores,  one 
grocery  store,  one  flour  mill,  two  blacksmith  shops,  one  general  cabinet  shop 
and  one  saloon.  It  has  five  church  organizations  and  three  church  buildings 
and  school  house.     The  town  is  supplied  with  water  by  two  companies. 

Prominent  among  the  business  men  of  Elma,  not  already  mentioned,  are 
Mr.  William  Baker,  of  the  Baker  Hotel  and  Livery  Stable.  Mr.  Baker  has 
long  sustained  the  reputation  of  running  a  first-class  house  and  livery.  In 
addition  to  his  hotel  business  he  attends  to  a  large  farm. 

Mr.  J.  J.  Carney,  who  keeps  the  postoffice  and  express,  in  connection 
with  his  general  merchandise  store,  is  a  wide  awake  business  man,  always 
keeping  pace  with  the  demands  of  his  customers.  Mr.  Carney  also  has  a 
system  of  water  works,  with  which  a  supply  of  pure  fresh  water  is  obtained 
in  the  town. 

The  principal  physician  is  Dr.  French,  who,  in  addition  to  his  practice, 
which,  by  the  way  is  quite  extensive,  has  a  drug  store  and  hop  ranch,  both 
of  which  are  paying  investments. 


9 


^ly  the  cook,  a 
ling  one  of  the 
Jmith,  the  pro- 
I  Territory,  and 
ied  in  turning 
rything  around 


MONTESANO. 


of  a  rich  and 
by  Joseph  I. 

at  this  point, 
ral  stores,  one 

1  cabinet  shop 
urch  buildings 

mpanies. 
mentioned,  are 
Mr.  Baker  has 
nd  livery.     In 

in  connection 
s  man,  always 
ney  also  has  a 
Iter  is  obtained 

o  his  practice, 
t)p  ranch,  both 


Montesano  the  county  seat  of  Chehalis  County  is  a  town  of  about  looo 
inhabitants.  It  is  finely  located  at  the  head  of  tide  water  navigation  ;  beauti- 
fully situated  on  a  gently  sloping  hill  about  one  half  mile  back  from  the  Che- 
halis river,  it  is  afforded  a  fine  opportunity  for  drainage  and  is  above  any  over- 
flow that  may  be  caused  by  the  river.  Mr.  S.  Williams  wus  the  originator 
of  this  town,  but  it  was  never  regularly  platted  until  in  1881,  when  Chas.  N. 
Byles  platted  and  recorded  the  town  under  the  name  given  it  by  Mr.  Williams 
viz.  Montesano.  From  the  time  of  its  organization  to  the  present,  Montesa- 
no has  mantained  a  healthy,  steady  growth.  Montesano  possesses  many  na- 
tural advantages  not  given  to  the  other  towns  in  Chehalis  County.  Located 
at  the  head  of  tide  water  navigation,  all  produce  raised  in  the  County,  on  its 
way  to  Gray's  Harbor  has  to  be  re-shipped  here  ;  all  merchandise,  coming 
from  San  Francisco  and  Portland,  via  Gray's  Harbor,  and  all  merciiandise 
that  may  be  sent  from  the  harbor,  for  distribution  through  the  upper  parts  of 
the  County,  has  to  be  re-handled  at  this  point.  Here  is  the  headquarters  of 
the  two  daily  stages  that  run  between  Gray's  Harbor  and  Olympia.  All 
passengers  going  to  and  from  Gray's  Harbor  overland,  have  to  remain  here 
all  night.  Here  is  the  principal  distributing  post  office  of  the  county,  and 
two  daily  steamers  connect  it  with  Gray's  Harbor.  With  all  of  these  advan- 
tages, Montesano  must  not  only  hold  her  place  against  the  other  rival  towns 
but  keep  pace  with  her  most  enterprising  neighbors.  Her  educational  facili- 
ties are  equal  to  any  in  the  territory  ;  the  public  school  is  well  conducied 
under  an  excellent  corps  of  teachers,  in  a  commodious  and  well  appointed 
building.  The  Chehalis  Valley  Academy,  under  the  patronage  of  the  pres- 
byterian  denomination,  is  also  located  at  this  place. 

Among  the  present  industries  at  Montesano,  are  a  large  salmon  factory,. 
one  steam  and  one  waterpower  sawmill,  one  steam  furniture  factory,  and  one 
brick  yard.  She  has  the  usual  complement  of  merchants  and  professional 
and  trades  men.  She  has  good  livery  stables  and  hotels.  Her  business  and 
professional  men  are  above  the  average  in  intelligence,  social  culture  and  en- 
terprise, she  has  three  church  organizations  and  one  wide  awake  editor  at  the 
head  of  a  live  paper,  viz  :  The  Vidette. 

Among  the  business  men  of  Montesano,  special  mention  must  be  made 
of  Mr.  H.  B.  Marcy,  who  carries  the  heaviest  stock  of  merchandise,  in  the 
city.  Mr.  Marcy  has  for  many  years  r  atered  to  the  public  of  Chehalis 
county,  and  has  steadily  grown  in  popularity  with  all  classes.  Three  clerks 
are  employed  in  waiting  on  customers,  or  filling  orders  ;  his  store  is  always 
well  stocked  with  every  thing  that  is  needed  by  farmers,  mechanics  or  soci- 
ety men  ;  in  fact  so  closely  has  Mr.  Marcy  studied  the  needs  of  the  public 
that  it  is  almo.st  impossible  to  call  for  any  thing  that  he  cannot  supply  you 
with, 

Cochran  rJros'  dealers  in  stoves,  hardware,  doors  and  windows,  paints^ 
farming  implements,  etc.,  are  two  young  merchants  of  more  than  ordir^ary 
ability,  in  their  line.  They  have  grown  up  with  Montesano,  and  b/  close 
attention  to  business,   courtesy  to  patrons  and  punctuality  in  filling  orders. 


ra 


10 

have  earned  the  confidence  of  the  public,  and  as  a  result,  they  are  each  year 
enlarging  their  business 

Among  the  professional  men  of  prominence,  are  Mr.  Geo.  J.  Moody, 
prosecuting  attorney  for 'the  counties  of  Pacific,  Wakiakum  and  Chehalis. 
Mr.  Moody  is  a  lawyer  of  experience  and  carries  an  extensive  practice.  Mr. 
L.  B.  Bognold,  associate  of  J.  W.  Robinson,  prosecuting  attorney  for  the 
counties  of  Thurston,  Lewis,  Cowlitz  and  Mason,  has  an  extensive  legal 
practice  ;  as  agent  of  several  mercantile  houses  of  Portland  and  San  Fran- 
cisco, Mr.  Bignold  has  recomended  himself  to  the  confidence  of  all. 

Mr.  Mason  Irwin,  a  lawyer  of  this  town,  has  a  large  and  growing  prac- 
tice, acquired  by  ability,  integrity,   and  clo.se  attention  to  business. 

Judge  T.  D.  Scofield,  a  veteran  in  his  profession,  has  made  his  home  in 
this  place  since  its  beginning.  He  has  an  extensive  practice  in  all  parts  of 
the  county. 

Among  the  physicians,  Dr.  A.  K.  Bush  ranks  foremost.  This  gentle- 
man has  had  large  experience,  and  has  proved  himself  to  l)e  a  competent  and 
successful  physician. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Fenner,  county  surveyor  and  insur, .  ice  agent,  can  always  be 
found  at  his  office,  when  not  e'  ^aged  in  his  line  in  some  other  part  of  the 
county.  His  business  has  made  him  a  veritable  encyclopedia  of  informa- 
tion on  Chehalis  of)unty.  While  speakiiig  of  information  on  Chehalis  county, 
we  must  mention  the  name  of  Mr.  D.  H.  Mullen,  late  clerk  of  the  district 
court.  He  has  an  insurance  and  real  estate  office  at  this  point,  and  few  men 
are  better  posted  in  land  laws  and  land  matters  than  Mr.  Mullen. 

As  a  timber  cruiser,  one  that  can  l)e  relied  on,  Mr  J.  A.  McC.illicuddy 
cannot  be  excelled  ;  he  is  conversant  with  lands  in  all  parts  of  the  county. 

Medcalf  Bros.,  the  pioneer  dairymen  and  butchers  of  Chehalis  valley, 
make  their  home  here  These  gentlemen  do  the  largest  wholesale  and  retail 
beef  business  in  the  northwest,  with  the  exception  it  may  be  of  one  or  two 
butchers  in  Seattle.  .Stirring,  reliable  and  observant,  they  are  always  able  to 
control  the  situation. 

C.  N.  Byles,  president  of  the  Montesano  bank,  has  large  real  estate  in- 
terests in  this  town  as  well  as  in  other  parts  of  the  county.  Mr.  Byles  was 
the  originator  of  the  town,  and  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  all  matters 
pertaining  to  the  general  welfire  of  the  place.  Conservative,  he  possesses  a 
strong  character,  which  makes  him  a  safe  and  reliable  leader. 

Mr.  H.  M.  .Sutton,  clerk  of  the  district  court,  has  resided  in  the  county 
for  vears  ;  though  lately  becoming  an  incumbent  of  office,  he  nevertheless 
possesses  all  the  ada[)tability,  ease  and  courtesy  of  one  who  has  trod  the  turf 
before. 

Monte.sano  has  lately  added  to  her  other  aciiuisitions  a  chamber  of  com- 
merce ;  this  will,  no  doubt,  be  of  great  use,  not  only  to  her  but  to  the  whole 
county. 

WYNOOCHIE. 

This  little  hamlet,  formerly  known  as  Lower  Montesano,  is  situated  on 
the  Chehalis  river  about  one  and  one  half  miles  from  Montesano.  It  was  for 
many  years  the  capital  of  Chehalis  county,  but  being  inconveniently  located 
for  travel  by  land,  the  county  seat  was  by  vote  of  the  people  changed  to 
Montesano,  1.S.S6.  Since  that  time  Wynoochie  has  not  had  her  former  pros- 
perity ;  she  is  now  however  opening  a  trade  with  the  North  river  valley 
which  will  no  doubt  bring  back  to  her,  her  old  prosi)erity.  There  are  two 
church   organizations   in  the   town,  one   school,  one   blacksmith   shop,  one 


I 


y  are  each  year 

ieo.  J.  Moody, 
and    Chehalis. 

:  practice.     Mr. 

ttorney  for  the 
extensive  legal 

and  San  Fran- 

;  of  all. 

1  growing  prac- 

iness. 

de  his   home  in 

t  in    all  parts  of 

t.  This  gentle- 
conijictent  and 

,  can  always  be 
:her  part  of  the 
dia  of  informa- 
rhehalis  county, 
k  of  the  district 
It,  and  few  men 
len. 

L.  Mc(  iillicuddy 
of  the  county. 
Chehalis  valley, 
ilesale  and  retail 
e  of  one  or  two 
e  always  able  to 

re  real  estate  in- 

Mr.  Byles  was 

irt  in  all  matters 

,  he  possesses  a 

id  in  the  county 
he  nevertheless 
has  trod  the  turf 


hotel  and  one  postoffice.  one  tannery  and   one  public  hall,  besides  a  number 
of  dwellings.     The  population  is  about  200, 

COSMOPOLIS. 

?he  scenes  of  industrv  and  mirth,  became  the  home  of  silence.     1"    «75.  Mk 

F^mond       These  irentlemen    n    1S83  changed    the   mill  to    a  steam    P"^^'- 

niopolis  .Mill  ana  iracung  v^umpcuiy.      ^      ,,-^^      „    ■.„     -jnrl  nt  once  corn- 
Messrs     Byles  and  Young,    an  interest  in  the  town  site,    •^;^\^^t.  ^""^f  [-"" 

cutting  cap«,ty  01    «o,«ofee^^^^^^^^^  and  Mr   W.  A.  Anderson     audi- 

lo;  :  „;;L«er  n;el;in  .hdr'nnrJan  lAund  any  where.     The  populat.on  ,s 
about  350.  ,  . 


hamber  of  com - 
3Ut  to  the  whole 


),  is  situated  on 
ano.  It  was  for 
leniently  located 
)ple  changed  to 
ber  former  pros- 
rth  river  valley 
There  are  two 
imith   shop,  one 


ia 


II 


ABERDEEN. 


Situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chehalis  and  Wishkah  rivers,  is  the  rapidly- 
growing  town  of  Aberdeen,  about  fifteen  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  is  built  on 
both  sides  of  the  Wishkah  river,  upon  a  level,  bounded  by  a  gently  sloping 
bluff. 

Mr.  Samuel  Benn,  the  pioneer  resident  and  origiral  proprietor,  settled 
here  thirty-three  years  ago,  using  the  place  as  a  farm  and  stock  ranch.  In 
June  of  1877,  a  part  of  the  land  was  secured  by  a  Mr.  Hume,  of  the  Wachu- 
setts  Packing  Company,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  salmon  cannery  ;  and 
in  1,883  the  present  townsite,  without  the  late  additions,  was  platted.  The 
town  at  that  time  consisted  of  45  blocks,  laid  off  into  475  lots,  all  streets  run  - 
ning  east  and  west  being  80  feet  wide,  and  all  streets  running  north  and 
south  being  60  feet  wide  ;  the  plan  of  the  town  from  the  beginning  shows 
both  liberality  and  forethought  that  must  insure  success. 

Realizing  the  advantages  to  be  gained  by  inducing  capital  to  interest 
itself  in  a  new  project,  and  at  the  same  time  keep  the  property  out  of  the 
hands  of  speculators,  Mr.  Benii,  in  1884,  induced  Mr.  A.  J.  West,  a  promi- 
nent mill  man  ol  Edmore,  Michigan,  to  purchase  a  portion  of  the  town  site 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Wishkah,  on  such  terms  that  a  mill  was  to  be  erected 
immediately.  So  well  did  Mr.  West  fulfill  his  contract  that  Mr.  Benn  had 
little  trouble  in  inducing  other  capitalists  to  join  in  the  enterprise.  In  June, 
1884,  Mr.  J.  M.  Weatherwax,  of  Stanton,  Mich.,  a  gentleman  of  large  ex- 
perience in  lumber  manufacturing  and  mercantile  business,  seeing  the  ad- 
vantages possessed  by  Aberdeen  as  a  manufacturing  point,  entered  into  a 
contract  with  Mr.  Benn  to  buy  a  portion  of  the  town  west  of  the  Wishkah 
river  and  fronting  the  Harbor,  on  such  terms  that  Mr.  Weatherwax  soon  had 
underway  improvements,  in  mills  and  necessary  workshops,  costing  over 
$100,000. 

In  the  following  vear,  Mr.  P.  M.  Emery  and  Mr.  G.  F.  Mack,  who  were 
joined  later  by  Mr.  A.  D.  Wood,  a  practical  mill  man  from  Michigan,  secured 
a  part  of  the  town  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Wishkah,  and  they  too  soon  had 
a  saw  mill  in  course  of  construction. 

Later  still,  in  1887,  Mr.  C.  R.  Wilson,  of  Oregon,  secured  a  part  of  the 
town  facing  the  Chehalis  on  the  east  side  of  the  Wishkah  river,  upon  which 
he  has  erected  a  saw  mill.  Each  of  the  gentlemen  named  have  more  than 
fulfilled  their  obligations  to  Mr.  Benn,  and  have  so  far  shown  such  a  spirit  of 
earnest,  honest  enterprise  and  liberality  in  everything  concerning  the  town, 
that  its  future  success  is  an  assured  fact. 

The  geographical  position  of  Aberdeen  forces  her  to  take  her  place  as 
the  only  first-class  shipping  point  between  San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound  ; 
while  the  industry,  activity  and  enterprise  shown  by  her  projectors  and  busi- 
ness men  makes  her  the  asylum  lor  men  seeking  homes  or  employment. 

As  we  have  already  stated.  Aberdeen  is  situated  at  the  conHuence  of  the 
Wishkah  and  Chehalis  rivers.  This  naturally  makes  her  the  receptacle  for 
all  the  wealth  coming  from  sections  of  country  unsurpassed  in  Washington 
Territory,  in  advantages  for  the  stock   raiser,  lumberman,  farmer  and  miner. 


■4 


m 


is  the  rapidly 

It  is  built  on 

fently  sloping 


k 


rietor,  settled 
ranch.  In 
the  Wachu- 
:annery  ;  and 
flatted .  The 
11  streets  run  - 
ng  north  and 
inning  shows 

;al  to  interest 
rty  out  of  the 
/^est,  a  promi- 

the  town  site 

to  be  erected 
^r.  Benn  had 
se.  In  June, 
n  of  large  ex- 
eeing  the  ad- 
Mitered  into  a 

the  Wishkah 
wax  soon  had 

costing  over 

ick,  who  were 
ligan,  secured 
too  soon  had 

I  a  part  of  the 
',  upon  which 
/e  more  than 
uch  a  spirit  of 
ing  the  town, 

e  her  place  as 
^uget  Sound  ; 
tors  and  busi- 
loynient. 
Huence  of  the 
receptacle  for 
1  Washington 
er  and  miner. 


Lich  in  timber,  unequaled  anywhere  ;  bottom  lands,  which  for  fertility  can- 
lot  be  excelled  ;  valuable  uplands,  free  from  stone  or  gravel  ;  mineral  re- 
sources of  copper,  coal  and  iron,  not  yet  developed  ;  the  Wishkah  river 
making  a  feasiole  outlet  for  120  miles  of  timber  and  agricultural  land,  the 
Chehalis  river  much  more,  and  Gray's  Harbor  bringing  to  her  mills  the  tim- 
ber from  John's,  Humptulips,  Hoquiam  Elk  and  Neushkah  rivers  and  South 
bay,  Aberdeen  holds  tne  key  to  the  situation.  The  varied  interests  of  a  rap- 
idly developing  country  centers  in  her. 

The  shipping  facilities  of  Aberdeen  are  unequalled.  In  front  flows  the 
Chehalis  river,  with  a  width  of  2200  feet  to  3000  feet  and  with  a  main  chan- 
nel within  from  75  to  200  feet  of  its  shores,  1000  feet  wide,  carrying  in  its 
shallowest  parts  30  feet  of  water  at  its  lowest  tides  ;  this  continues  for  a  dis- 
tance of  five  miles  up  and  down  the  stream.  The  Wishkah  river,  flowing 
through'the  town,  in  250  feet  wide,  with  the  depth  of  20  feet  at  low  tide. 

The  principal  industries  of  Aberdeen  are  lumber  manufacturing,  fishing 
and  cannmg  establishments  and  ship  building.  There  are  four  lumber  mills 
at  this  point,  the  one  owned  by  Mr.  J.  M.  Weatherwax  being  the  most  ex- 
tensive and  important.  This  mill  has  a  cutting  capacity  of  1 10,000  feet  per 
day;  the  mill  owned  by  Mr.  A.  J.  West  and  the  firm  of  Emery,  Mack  &  Wood 
has  each  a  cutting  capacity  of  50,000  feet  per  day,  and  that  of  Mr.  C.  R. 
Wilson  30,000  feet  per  day.  The  pay  roll  of  J.  M.  Weatherwax  is  over 
$400  per  day,  not  including  the  amounts  paid  to  men  working  in  the  woods, 
and  tne  other  mills  have  pay  rolls  in  proportion.  With  the  industries  of 
Aberdeen  must  be  mentioned  that  of  Messrs.  Wood,  Slade  and  Kellogg  ; 
although  they  do  not  own  mills  t'  nselves,  they  buy  the  complete  cut  of  two 
of  the  mills,  supplying  them  witli  logs  and  shipping  facilities.  This  firm  is 
represented  by  Mr.  O.  M.  Kellogg,  as  resident  manager. 

There  are  three  salmon  canneries  here  ;  The  Wachusetts,  Megler  &  Co., 
and  Mr.  Samuel  Benn's  which  turn  out  yearly  about  10,000  casej  each, 
valued  at  from  $5  to  $7  per  case. 

A  large  foundry  and  machine  shop,  in  course  of  construction,  will  be  in 
operation  this  summer.  A  bank,  wi«;h  an  extensive  correspondence,  has 
recently  been  established,  a  large  furniture  store,  several  merchandise  houses, 
one  large  dry  goods  and  clothing  store.  The  firm  of  Toklas  &  Kaufman, 
who  are  a  branch  of  the  firms  of  Toklas  &  Kaufman,  of  Olympia,  and  hav- 
ing connection  with  Toklas  &  Singerman,  of  Seattle,  with  offices  in  New 
York  and  San  Francisco,  carries  the  only  complete  stock  of  dry  goods  and 
clothing  in  the  city.  This  firm  has  lately  opened  their  stock  in  this  town, 
and  bids  fair  to  control  the  business,  in  their  line,  on  the  harbor  ;  two  hotels, 
several  boarding  houses  and  a  restaurant,  that  for  neatness  and  good  meals 
is  not  excelled  in  the  territory,  one  jewelry  and  photographic  establishment, 
the  usual  complement  of  notion  stores,  saloons,  etc.,  are  to  be  found  here. 
The  Aberdeen  House,  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Wm.  Allen,  is  at 
present  the  most  conmodious  and  best  kept  of  the  hotels  in  town.  The 
Sargent  House,  now  in  course  of  construction,  is  a  large  three  story  build- 
building,  with  mansard  roof  ;  will  be  ready  for  guests  on  or  about  July  ist. 
When  complete,  it  will  be  the  best  arranged  and  best  appointed  hotel  in 
south-western  Washington.  The  educational  facilities,  next  to  Montesano, 
are  the  best  in  the  county,  while  her  church  privileges  are  the  best  in  south- 
.  western  Washington. 

On  account  of  the  number  of  ships  plying  between  Gray's  Harbor  and 
San  Francisco  and  the  southern  ports  of  California,  Aberdeen  is  fast  becom- 
ing the  principal  distributing  point  for  freight,  going  to  all  parts  of  the  harbor 


14 


! 


!i 


except  Hoquiam.  She  has  direct  steamer  communication  with  I^ortland 
four  times  each  month,  and  oftener,  if  business  require  it,  and  every  ten  days 
with  San  Pedro  and  San  Francisco. 

Her  church  and  store  buildings  and  private  residences  are  of  a  substan- 
tial and  in  some  instances  even  an  elegant  order  of  building,  ranging  in  cost 
from  $2,000  to$5,ooo. 

The  benevolent  and  secret  societies  are  represented  by  the  Odd  Fellows, 
(Aberdeen  Lodge  No.  35,  and  Encampment  No.  12.)  who  occupy  their  own 
building,  the  Masons,  who  occupy  a  hall  donated  to  them  for  ten  years  by 
Mr.  West, 'and  the  Knights  of  Labor,  who  occupy  a  rented  hall. 

HOQUIAM. 

Four  miles  west  of  Aberdeen  is  the  town  of  Hoquiam.  This  place  was 
settled  in  October,  1859,  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Karr,  who  still  lives  on  the  old  claim, 
and  joining  the  town.  Mr.  Karr  was  accompanied  to  this  place  by  his 
brother  Henry,  who  settled  on  the  claim  now  occupied  by  Mr.  Edward 
Campliell.  Henry  soon  tired  of  the  place,  abandoned  the  claim  and  returned 
east.  In  1S60,  Mr.  Campbell  settled  on  the  abandoned  claim,  and  shortly 
after  was  joined  b\  his  brothers,  Alexander  and  Archie,  who  took  claims  ad- 
joining on  the  east.  In  1862,  Mr.  John  James  settled  on  the  present  site  of 
Hoquiam,  and  retained  j)Ossession  until  in  1881,  he  sold  his  interest  to  the 
Hoquiam  Mill  Company.  This  company,  under  the  management  of  Messrs. 
A.  M.  .Simpson  and  Geo.  H.  Emerson,  pushed  improvements  rapidly,  so 
that  before  the  winter  of  18S1,  Mr.  Emerson  had  the  wharf  and  lumber  sheds 
built,  and  the  mill  work  well  under  way. 

The  advent  of  the  Hoquiam  Mill  Company,  opened  up  a  new  era,  not 
only  for  Hoquiam,  but  for  the  whole  of  (iray's  Harbor.  Up  to  this  time 
little  was  known  of  this  part  of  the  county,  but  when  the  new  Aladin,  Geo. 
H.  Emerson,  appeared  on  the  scene,  immediately  the  busy  hordes  of  work- 
men caused  a  transformation  in  surroundings.  Previous  to  this  the  principal 
part  of  the  produce  raised  in  the  valley  had  no  immediate  market,  but  now 
they  have  a  demand  near  at  hand  tor  more  than  they  can  raise,  at  better 
prices  than  they  were  accustomed  to  receive  ;  luxuries  from  San  Francisco 
found  a  place  in  their  homes,  the  outside  world  was  heard  from,  and  heard 
of  them  and  their  new  enterprises,  and  capital  seeking  helds  for  investment, 
found  its  way  to  Gray's  Harbor. 

The  Hoquiam  Mill  Co. ,  must  be  classed  with  the  early  settlers,  for  the 
reason  that  they  are  the  pioneer  introducers  of  capital  and  manufacturing  in- 
terests on  Gray's  Harbor.  Previous  to  their  advant,  the  long  reach  of  coun- 
try between  the  Humptulip  river  and  Montesano  had  but  an  occasional  set- 
tler, engaged  in  stock  raismg,  where  now  there  are  numerous  logging  camps 
and  open  farms.  How  much  this  country  has  been  benefitted  by  the  Hoquiam 
Mill  Co.,  cannot  be  now  estimated.  In  1884.  this  company  was  consolidated 
into  the  North  Western  Lumbering  Co..  with  A.  M.  Simpson,  president, 
Geo.  H.  Emerson,  manager,  and  John  F.  .Soule.  resident  secretary,  and  in 
the  following  April  the  town  was  regularly  platted  and  lots  placed  in  the 
market.  From  the  time  of  its  re-organization  to  the  present,  Hoquiam  has 
grown  steadily  in  population  and  wealth.  The  principal  industry  is  the  man- 
ufacture of  lumber  and  ship  building. 

The  largest  and  most  extensive  lumber  manufactory  of  the  Harbor  is 
located  at  this  place.  In  r886  the  amount  of  lumber  shipped  was  15,000,000 
feet,  in  1887,  22,000,000  feet,  and  at  the  present  rate  the  shipment  will  be 
fully  27,000,000  feet  in  1888.     In  addition  to  the   mill  are  extensive  machine 


with  Portland 
?very  ten  days 

of  a  substan- 
an^in^  in  cost 

Odd  Fellows, 
upy  their  own 
ten    years  by 
ill. 


This  place  was 
the  old  claim, 
place  by  his 
Mr.  Edward 
and  returned 
n,  and  shortly 
ook  claims  ad- 
proent  site  of 
mterest  to  the 
lent  of  Messrs. 
Its  rapidly,  so 
umber  sheds 

I  new  era,  not 
p  to  this  time 
'  Aladin,  Geo. 
Drdes  of  work- 
is  the  principal 
arket,  but  now 
•aise,  at  better 
San  Francisco 
om,  and  heard 
or  investment, 

2ttlers,  for  the 
nufacturing  in- 
reach  of  coun- 
occasional  set- 
logging  camps 
y^the  Hoquiam 
IS  consolidated 
on,  president, 
:retary,  and  in 
placed  in  the 
Hoquiam  has 
try  is  the  man- 

the  Harbor  is 
vas  15,000,000 
ipment  will  be 
?nsive  machine 


I 


M 

shops,  and  a  ship  yard  ;  from  this  ship  yard  have  been  turned  out  during  the 
last  year,  three  large  vessels,  built  expressly  for  the  lumber  trade,  a  steamer 
and  seven  scows,  while  at  present  the  company  is  preparing  to  build  a  large 
bar  tug.  There  is  also  at  this  point  a  large  butchering  establishment,  used 
by  the  company  to  supply  the  numerous  camps  and  hamlets  on  the  harbor. 
The  average  number  of  cattle  slaughtered,  per  month  being  .seventy,  not  in- 
cluding sheej)  and  hogs. 

The  town  is  well  supplied  with  pure  fresh  water,  conveved  in  six  inch 
iron  pipes,  from  a  spring  more  than  a  mile  Irom  the  town. 

The  principal  store  in  the  place  is  the  one  belonging  to  the  company, 
and  it  has  the  largest  stock  of  general  merchandise  in  western  Washington 
south  of  Seattle.  The  company  does  a  large  jobbing  and  retail  trade  in  all 
parts  of  the  county,  having  facilities  .''or  handling  and  freighting  goods,  not 
possessed  by  any  other  concern  on  the  Harbor. 

This  town  has  about  500  inhabitants,  has  good  church  and  school  privi- 
leges, and  her  hotels  compare  favorably  with  the  best  on  the  Harbor.  Her 
people  are  of  the  same  thrifty  go-ahead  class,  to  be  met  with  in  all  parts  of 
the  Harbor.  The  benevolent  orders  are  represented  by  the  Odd  F^ellows. 
Thi.;  town  has  no  lawyer  and  but  one  physician.  Dr.  E.  T.  Balch,  a  gentle- 
man of  large  and  successful  experience.  Some  idea  may  be  gleaned  of  the 
amount  of  the  business  done  in  the  town,  from  the  fact  the  North  Western 
Mill  Co.,  alone  keeps  a  pay  roll  of  $400  per  day,  not  including  ship  carpen- 
ters. The  busine.ss  of  the  company  is  in  charge  of  Mr.  Geo.  H.  Emerson, 
as  manager,  and  Mr.  John  F.  Soule  in  charge  of  the  office.  Of  Mr.  Emer- 
son, it  can  truthfully  be  said  that  there  is  no  branch  of  this  extensive  busi- 
ness that  he  does  not  understand  ;  be  he  in  the  woods,  the  blacksmith  shop, 
drygoods  store,  engine  room,  drafting  room  or  at  the  big  saw,  he  is  master 
of  the  situation  and  yet  with  all  a  gentleman  of  polish  and  affability.  Of  Mr. 
John  F.  Soule,  possibly  it  is  enough  to  say,  that  while  he  at  all  times  keeps 
the  interests  of  his  company  paramount,  he  has  a  faculty  of  transacting  a 
vast  amount  of  business  without  any  noise,  and  those  who  transact  business 
with  him  once,  always  want  him  again. 

INDUSTRIES. 

The  industries  of  Chehalis  county,  like  its  resources,  are  many  and 
varied;  the  principal  ones  being  those  of  logging,  milling,  farming,  dairying, 
and  stock  raising.  As  has  already  been  intimated,  in  the  general  description 
of  the  county,  the  eastern  and  middle  parts  are  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of 
farm  products,  fruit  culture,  sheep  and  bee  raising.  Of  farm  product  most 
attention  is  paid  to  the  cultivation  of  potatoes,  onions,  turnips,  barley,  oats 
and  hay.  The  prices  of  produce  varies  with  the  demand,  which  is  increas- 
ing every  year.  During  the  last  and  present  seasons  the  price  of  potatoes 
ranged  from  fifty  cents  to  one  dollar  per  bushel;  onions  two  to  four  cents  per 
pound  and  hay  from  fifteen  to  twenty  dollars  per  ton.  It  is  needless  for  us 
to  state  that  there  are  no  failures  of  crops  here;  no  potato  bug  or  grasshop- 
per; and  this  is  true  of  all  Western  Washington. 

In  fruit  raising,  apples  of  the  following  varieties  are  most  successfully 
raised:  Northern  Spy,  Baldwin,  King  of  Tompkin's  county,  and  others  of 
that  class,  being  entirely  free  from  blight.  The  Bartlett  pear  attains  a  size 
and  lusciousness  here  that  is  incredible,  while  plums  of  all  varieties,  prunes 
and  cherries  cannot  be  excelled,  either  for  flavor  or  size.  Apples,  according 
to  season,  bring  from  one  dollar  to  two  dollars  per  box,  and  plums  from  four 


i 


i  1 


I 


16 

to  six  cents  per  pound;  pears  and  cherries  are  not  yet  grown   in  sufficient 
quantities  to  give  them  a  stated  price  in  market. 

ChehaHs  county  has  'ong  been  known  for  its  dairy  products,  and  it  is  an 
acknowledged  fact  that  the  ChehaHs  county  butter  leads  the  market  in 
quality  and  price.  Bee  raising  is  carried  on  extensively  through  the  valley, 
tne  price  of  honey  being  ten  cents  per  pound  for  strained  and  fifteen  for 
comb.  Wool  is  shipped  to  Portlancl,  Oregon,  netting  the  farmer  from  six- 
teen to  eighteen  cents  per  pound.  Milch  cows  range  in  price  according  to 
breed,  from  thirty  dollars  to  seventy-five  dollars  per  head.  Of  small  fruits, 
such  as  blackberries,  raspberries  and  stawberries,  it  is  enough  to  say  that  we 
often  wonder  that  where  these  fruits  can  be  raised  with  such  small  outlay  of 
labor  and  expense  as  they  can  be  in  ChehaHs  county,  why  it  is  that  some 
drying  or  canning  establishment  has  not  been  started  here  before  this;  it 
surely  would  be  a  paying  investment. 

in  the  western  part  of  the  county,  lumbering,  milling,  stock  raising  and 
ship  building  are  the  principal  industries.  Logging  commences  the  first  of 
March  and  continues  during  the  summer  until  December,  when  the  large 
camps  close  for  the  winter;  during  these  months  enough  logs  have  to  be 
■driven  to  the  mill  to  secure  their  continued  operation  during  the  year.  As 
yet  there  are  no  long  hauls  in  the  woods,  the  timber  being  in  abundant 
quantities  near  the  navigable  streams,  hence  there  are  no  logging  railroads  or 
other  expensive  outfits  necessary.  The  usual  number  of  men  in  a  camp  is 
twelve  to  fifteen,  the  usual  number  of  oxen  used  being  from  four  to  six  yoke. 
The  wages  paid  in  the  woods  vary  from  that  of  forty  dollars  per  month, 
including  board,  paid  the  skid  greaser,  to  one  hundred  dollars  paid  the 
teamster.  A  peculiarity  of  the  logging  camps  is  worth  mentioning;  the  men 
are  above  the  average  laborer  in  intelligence  and  energy,  they  are  all  readers, 
and  in  nearly  every  camp  you  can  find  graduates  from  some  of  our  eastern 
institutions  of  learning.  You  can  find  doctors,  lawyers,  preachers  and  fid- 
dlers in  almost  any  camp  in  ChehaHs  county,  consequently  we  are  not  sur- 
prised to  see  families  running  the  culinary  department  of  many  of  these 
camps  instead  of  Chinese  or  white  men  cooks. 

The  mills  give  employment  to  a  large  number  of  families.  In  the  mill 
are  the  experts,  while  on  the  dock,  sorting  and  piling  lumber,  are  the  new 
men,  guided  by  a  lumber  expert,  and  around  the  vessels  are  the  'longshore- 
men, stowing  away  the  cargoes  of  lumber  in  the  vessels  for  shipment.  In 
addition  to  the  mills  proper,  are  the  numerous  train  of  mechanics,  such  as 
machinists,  saw  filers,  blacksmiths,  engineers  and  millwrights,  that  usually 
are  appendages  to  large  factories.  The  wages  paid  in  the  mills  varies  accord 
ing  to  the  position  occupied,  ranging  from  fifty  dollars  per  month,  paid  lum- 
ber handlers,  up  to  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars  per  month  paid  to 
the  skilled  labor;  this  does  not  include  board. 

The  amount  of  money  placed  in  circulation  by  the  mills  in  manufactur- 
ing the  lumber  ready  for  shipment,  not  including  the  outlays  for  improve- 
ments and  repairs,  during  the  past  year  is  $820,000.  This  amount  of  money 
has  not  been  spent  in  improving  California  or  any  outside  State,  but  remains 
to  enrich  ChehaHs  county:  to  this  might  be  added  much  more  expended  for 
labor  performed  in  making  improvements  and  repairs.  The  majority  of  the 
men  working  in  and  about  the  mills  are  like  those  spoken  of  in  the  logging 
camps — sober,  frugal  and  industrious,  a  large  number  possess  their  own 
homes  or  are  making  new  homes  into  which  they  expect  soon  to  move  their 
famiHes.  If  the  old  Puget  Sound  saw  mill  hand  of  fifteen  or  twenty  years 
ago  was  to  pass  through  one  of  these  mills  with  its  modern  improvements 


rown   in  sufficient 

)duct.s,  and  it  is  an 
ds  the  market  in 
hrough  the  valley, 
ed  and  fifteen  for 
e  farmer  from  six- 
Drice  according  to 
Of  small  fruits, 
igh  to  say  that  we 
ch  small  outlay  of 
hy  it  is  that  some 
ere  before  this;  it 

stock  raising  and 
Tiences  the  first  of 
r,  when  the  large 
1  logs  have  to  be 
ing  the  year.  As 
eing  in  abundant 
gging  railroads  or 

men  in  a  camp  is 
I  four  to  six  yoke. 
)llars  per   month, 

dollars  paid  the 
ntioning;  the  men 
ey  are  all  readers, 
ne  of  our  eastern 
Teachers  and  fid- 
r  we  are  not  sur- 
of  many  of  these 

ilies.  In  the  mill 
iber,  are  the  new 
e  the  'longshore- 
3r  shipment.  In 
lechanics,  such  as 
jhts,  that  usually 
ills  varies  accord 
month,  paid  lum- 
)er  month  paid  to 

Is  in  manufactur- 
ays  for  improve- 
imount  of  money 
tate,  but  remains 
ore  expended  for 
e  majority  of  the 
)f  in  the  logging 
ossess  their  own 
on  to  move  their 
or  twenty  years 
n  improvements 


and  cleanly,  neatly  dressed  men,  he  would  surely  think  the  millenium  had 
come. 

The  men  working  in  the  mills  board  where  they  please,  though  most  of 
them,  not  having  families,  board  at  the  mill  mess  house;  these  mess  houses 
are  often  frequented  by  travelers  in  preference  to  staying  at  the  ordinary 
boarding  houses. 

SHIP   BUILDING. 

During  the  past  two  years  this  industry  has  been  introduced  on  Gray's 
Harbor,  and  during  that  time  three  sailing  vessels,  aggregating  a  carrymg 
capacity  of  2,200,000  feet  of  lumber,  have  been  built  expressly  for  the  lumber 
trade,  at  the  shipyard  of  the  Northwestern  Lumber  Company  at  Hoquiam. 
One  small  steam  tug  has  been  built  in  the  same  yard,  and  they  are  at  work 
at  present  upon  the  hull  of  a  large  steam  tug,  this  will  be  followed  by  the 
hull  of  a  large  sailing  vessel.  At  Aberdeen,  in  the  yard  of  Mr.  J.  M.  Weather- 
wax,  have  been  built  two  steam  vessels,  one  a  stern  wheeler,  for  the  river 
trade,  and  one  a  propeller,  for  the  harbor  and  mill  business ;  these  will  soon 
be  followed  by  a  three-masted  vessel  for  the  lumber  trade.  We  might  as 
well  state  right  here  at  this  point  that  all  the  timber  used  in  the  construction 
of  these  vessels  was  procured  on  Gray's  Harbor. 

The  wages  paid  shipwrights  vary  from  two  and  one  half  to  three  and  one 
half  dollars  per  day,  according  to  skill.  This  industry  is  destined,  at  no 
very  distant  day,  to  be  a  leading  one  on  Gray's  Harbor,  as  that  part  of 
Chehalis  county  possesses  everything,  excepting  manufactured  iron,  to  build 
first-class  vessels,  at  a  comparatively  small  expense. 

TIDE   FLATS    AND   STOCK    RAISING. 

The  famouus  tide  flats  of  Ciray'  s  Harbor  are  so  intimately  connected  with 
the  indu.stry  of  stock  raising,  that  we  wi'l  mention  them  at  this  part  of  our 
description.  According  to  the  government  estimate  of  three  years  ago  there 
were  on  Gray's  Harbor  1,200  head  of  cattle  and  less  than  400  acres  of  land 
under  cultivation.  These  cattle  browsed  upon  the  young  trees  or  grazed 
upon  the  tide  flats  during  the  whole  year,  having  no  other  shelter  in  the 
winter  season  than  that  afforded  them  by  the  timber;  yet  with  all  this  neglect 
on  the  part  of  the  stock  men,  the  cattle  increased  in  number,  and  were 
always  ready  for  the  beef  market  or  logging  camp.  Beef  brings  from  six  to 
eight  cents  per  pound  on  foot,  according  to  season,  and  oxen  bring  from 
two  hundred  to  three  hundred  dollars  per  yoke,  when  broken  ready  for  use 
in  the  woods. 

On  the  south  side  of  Gray's  Harbor  are  Elk  creek,  with  600  acres  of 
tide  marsh;  John's  river,   with   2,000  acres;  Redmond  creek,  with    1,000; 
O' Larry's  creek,  Neushkah's,  Metcalfs  and  Joe's  creeks,  with  2,500  acres; 
on  the  north  side  of  the  Harbor  are  the  Humptulips,  with  6,000  acres,  the 
Hoquiam,   with  8,000  acres;  the  Wishkah,  with  7,000  acres;  Fry's  creek, 
with    1,000  acres.     Add  to  this  20,000  acres  of  spruce  tide  marsh  on  the 
banks  of  the  Chehalis  river  and  we  have  the  grand  total  of  48,600  acres  of 
tide  marsh;  this  is  5,400  acres  less  than  the  government  report.     On  these 
marshes  cattle  find  sustenance  during  the  whole  year,  with  a  very  few  excep- 
tionally cold  winters.     The  grass  on  these  marshes  is  of  a  heating  quality, 
hence  while  it  is  excellent  for  its  fattening  qualities,  it  is  not  as  good  as  the 
tame  grasses  as  a  milk  producer.     Comparatively  little  is  known  of  the  vege- 
table and  cereal  producmg  qualities  of  these  marshes,  as  only  a  small  portion 
has  been  reclaimed.     Wherever  the  farmer  has  taken  the  trouble  to  dike  the 


fimegm 


W) 


I   f 


m 


18 

land,  so  as  to  drain  it  and  keep  the  winter  tides  from  overflowing  it,  he  ha» 
been  rewarded  with  abundant  crops  and  an  acreage  that  is  inexhaustible  in 
its  wearing  properties.  Competent  engineers  who  are  acquainted  with  the 
tides  of  the  Pacific  Coast  and  are  also  actjuainted  with  the  cost  of  diking, 
estimate  that  the  cost  of  diking  the  marshes  of  Gray's  Harbor  would  be 
about  half  that  of  diking  the  Skagit  and  Swinomish  flats  on  Puget  Sound, 
and  yet  tho.se  flats  are  to-day  the  richest  parts  of  Western  Washington's 
agricultural  region. 

The  tide  marshes  on  the  ocean  coast  of  Chehalis  county,  north  of  Gray' a 
Harbor,  amount  to  about  20,000  acres.  They  are  mainly  on  the  Quilleute 
and  Quinnault  rivers,  and  are  mostly  located  in  the  Indian  res€;rvations ;  none 
of  the.se  lands  have  been  brought  under  cultivation. 

INDIAN    RESERVATIONS   AND    INDIANS. 

Properly  speaking  there  is  but  one  one  Indian  reservation  in  this  c<  nty^ 
viz:  the  Quiniault;  though  a  namber  of  Indians  are  kept  upon  a  resc  ,  on 
the  eastern  border  of  the  county,  this,  however,  is  under  the  control  the 
agency  on  Hood's  Canal.  Twenty  years  ago  there  were  1,500  Indians  in 
the  county,  to-day  there  are  le.ss  than  three  hundred.  Like  all  the  Indian* 
in  the  Puget  Sound  basins,  they  are  a  shiftless,  lazy,  incapable  class  of  beings. 
Not  being  easily  reached  through  educational  influences,  they  are  no  further 
ahead  in  civilized  pursuits  than  they  were  when  first  visited  by  white  men, 
with  this  exception:  they  are  not  cannibals  now.  The  Indians  between 
Shoalwater  bay  and  Quiniault  seem  to  have  belonged  to  one  family,  though 
bearing  the  name  of  the  river  on  whose  banks  they  might  have  had  their 
headquarters.  Numerous  feuds  between  these  Indians  and  the  Indians  on 
the  Black  river,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  have  resulted  in  diminish- 
ing the  numbers  of  both  materially,  and  vicious  habits  have  completed  the 
work. 

FISHERIES. 

The  fishing  industry  of  Chehalis  county  though  not  as  extensive  as  they 
are  destined  to  be  in  the  near  future,  are,  nevertheless,  the  means  of  employ- 
ing a  large  number  of  boats  every  fishing  season.  All  of  these  boats  carry- 
two  men  each,  who  either  own  their  own  boat  and  fishing  gear  or  are  sup- 
plied with  these  necessaries  by  the  proprietors  of  the  canneries.  According" 
to  the  abundance  of  fish  each  season,  the  price  per  fish  (salmon)  varies  from 
fifty  cents  to  seventy  ceYits  per  fish  during  the  first  run  of  salmon,  the  variety 
known  as  the  Oncorhyncus,  or  hook  jaw ;  the  same  price  prevails  during  the 
second  run,  the  variety  known  as  the  Oncorhynchus  quinnat,  or  silver  .sal- 
mon; at  the  third  run,  that  of  the  variety  known  among  fishermen  as  the 
steel  head  (very  much  like  the  oncorhynchus  nerka  of  the  Puget  Sound 
watersj,  the  price  given  is  less.  From  the  price  given  for  fish,  and  when  it 
is  estimated  that  the  four  canneries  on  Ciray's  Harbor  and  the  Lower  Che- 
halis shipped,  on  average,  of  10,000  cases  each,  and  each  case  containing- 
four  dozen  cans,  we  can  see  at  a  glance  that  considerable  money  is  expended 
in  this  branch  of  the  fishing  industry.  Most  of  the  money  earned  during 
the  fishing  season,  by  the  fishermen,  is  expended  in  the  towns  of  Gray's 
Harbor,  principally  at  Aberdeen. 

The  next  part  of  the  fishing  industry  that  claims  our  attention  is  the 
canning  establishments,  each  of  which  employ  from  fifty  to  one  hundred 
men,  in  making  cans,  cleaning,  cutting,  canning  and  weighing  the  fish,  from 
these  it  passes  into  the  hands  of  the  solderer,  boiler,  tester,  lacquerer,  labeler 


10 


owing  it,  he  has 
inexhaustible  in 
.minted  with  the 
cost  of  diking, 
iarbnr  would  be 
n  Puget  Sound, 
n  Washington'* 

north  of  Gray's 
in  the  Quilleute 
servations;  none 


in  in  this  c(  nty^ 
)on  a  reset  •,  on 
he  control  the 
1,500  Indians  in 
:e  all  the  Indian* 
le  class  of  beings, 
ey  are  no  further 
d  by  white  men, 
Indians  between 
e  family,  though 
;  have  had  their 
d  the  Indians  on 


Ited  in  diniinish- 
:e  completed  the 


4 


extensive  as  they 
neans  of  employ- 
hese  boats  carry- 
gear  or  are  sup- 
-ies.  According 
non)  varies  from 
mon,  the  variety 
avails  during  the 
at,  or  silver  sal- 
fishermen  as  the 
le  Puget  Sound 
fish,  and  when  it 
the  Lower  Che- 
case  containing 
iney  is  expended 
y  earned  during 
towns  of  Gray's 

attention  is  the 

to  one  hundred 

g  the  fish,  from 

acquerer,  labeler 


I 


and  boxer,  when  after  being  branded,  the  cases  are  ready  for  shipment.  The 
shipping  of  the  products  of  the.se  canneries  is  an  important  item,  making 
neces.sary  several  extra  trips  for  the  regular  steamers  that  ply  between  (iray's 
Harbor  and  Portland,  Oregon. 

The  boxes  u.sed  by  these  canneries  has  made  it  an  object  for  one  of  the 
Aberdeen  saw  mills  to  add  to  its  machinery  a  regular  box  saw.  IVevious  to 
last  season  most  of  the  boxes  came  from  Oregon,  but  in  the  future  there  can 
be  no  reason  why  everything,  including  even  the  machinery  used  in  running 
the  canneries,  cannot  be  bought  or  manufactured  on  the  Harbor. 

Another  mode  of  fishing,  besides  the  boat  and  seine,  is  the  method 
known  as  the  trap.  These  are  of  two  kinds.  The  first  being  a  number  of 
piles  driven  over  a  large  extent  of  ground,  upon  these  piles  nets  are  sus- 
pended so  as  to  catch  the  fish  when  passing  up  or  down  tne  river;  when  the 
tide  is  out  the  fisherman  goes  to  his  trap  and  takes  the  fish  out  of  the  net. 
The  second  method  requires  piling,  but  the  ground  covered  is  smaller  in 
extent.  The  trap  is  so  formed  that  fish  swimming  against  the  current  p.iss 
through  the  door  of  the  trap  into  the  interior,  where  they  are  found  when 
the  tide  falls,  f"  iher  of  these  two  methods  do  not  entail  any  night  labor  or 
require  the  can  of  the  gill  net  fi.shing,  but  it  requires  more  of  an  outlay  of 
capital  in  the  beg!  ining. 

I'ROHAni.K    INDI'STRIES. 

Among  the  probaiile  industries  of  this  county,  we  will  mention  that  of 
halibut  fi.shing,  ofi*  the  mouth  of  Gray's  Harbor.  There  are  no  finer  fish  in 
the  world  than  the  halibut  of  the  North  Pacific  It  may  be  salted  and  dried, 
or  shipped  to  the  nearest  market  fresh,  where  it  always  commands  the  highest 
price.  The  day  is  certainly  not  far  distant  when  this  valuable  food  fish  will 
be  canned  and  shipped  like  the  salmon  are  at  present. 

Next  to  that  of  the  halibut  fishing,  we  will  mention  that  of  the  various 
species  ofthe  rock  cod.  These  fish,  though  not  profitable  for  canning,  would 
certainly  make  a  splendid  commodity  for  the  dried  and  salt  fish  market. 

The  canning  of  clams  next  claims  our  attention.  With  the  abundance 
of  clams  that  are  found  in  all  parts  of  Gray's  Harbor,  it  is  really  a  wonder 
that  this  industry  has  not  ber .1  started  before  this  time.  The  different  varie- 
ties of  clams  found  here  are  all  of  them  such  as  would  make  the  investment 
a  paying  one,  being  large,  tender  and  sweet.  The  following  varieties  are 
be.st  lor  this  purpose:  the  cohog,  a  large  scalloped,  round  shell;  the  razor,  a 
clam  about  one  inch  wide  and  six  inches  long,  of  a  delicate  texture,  the  flesh 
being  very  sweet;  the  New  York  clam,  a  species  introduced  into  the  waters 
of  Shoalwater  bay  and  Gray's  Harbor  by  Mr.  (ieorge  H.  Emerson,  in  1883. 

The  New  York  clam,  or  as  it  is  more  commonly  known  as  the  Boston 
clam,  is  not  .so  large  as  the  cohog,  the  general  characteristics  bein^  the  same, 
the  flesh  being  ol  a  finer  texture  and  sweeter. 

The  numerous  shoals  of  herring  that  enter  Gray's  Harbor  must,  in  the 
near  future,  call  the  attention  of  the  manufacturer  of  dried  herring,  herring 
oil  and  guano  to  this  point.  For  the  purpose  of  .skid  greasing  and  the 
coarser  oils,  no  better  can  be  had  than  herring  oil.  The  dog  fish  and  black 
fish,  as  oil  producers  for  finer  g  ades  of  lubricating  oils,  cannot  be  over- 
looked. All  of  these  are  in  abundant  quantities  in  the  waters  of  Gray^s 
Harbor  and  outside  the  bar. 

■rK.\ppiN(;. 

Trapping  and  dealing  in  furs  is  carried  on  to  a  more  or  less  extent  in 
and  around   (iray's  Harbor.     The  principal  animals  sought  for  being  the 


m 


'^iRirv"" 


>l 


I     1, 


fm 


■  i 


20 

black  bear  (ursus  Americanus),  cougar  (feliz  concolor),  fisher  (mustela  pen- 
nantii),  mink  (putorius  vison),  pine  marten  (mustela  Americana),  beaver 
(castor  canadeucs),  sea  otter  (euhydra  marni);  several  smaller  animals  also 
valuable  for  their  fur  are  found  here. 

The  manner  of  catching  the  sea  otter  is  worthy  of  description,  as  it  is 
different  from  the  usual  mode  of  trapping  or  capturing  game.  The  feeding 
ground  ot  the  sea  otter  is  along  the  sea  coast  outside  Gray's  Harbor.  The 
sea  otter  hunter  erects  a  tall  scaffold,  from  fifty  to  seventy-five  feet  high,  on 
the  beach;  on  the  top  of  this  scaffold  is  a  small  platform,  and  on  this  the 
hunter  takes  his  watch,  keeping  a  continuous  lookout  at  the  crest  of  each 
swell  as  it  rolls  landward,  for  the  expected  victim  ;  this  watch  may  continue 
for  days  before  an  otter  is  seen,  when,  however,  an  otter  makes  his  appear- 
ance by  putting  his  head  above  the  water,  the  rifle  crack  is  heard,  and 
incredible  as  it  may  seem,  it  is  very  seldom  that  the  hunter  misses  his  mark; 
the  shooting,  however,  does  not  end  the  suspense,  as  the  hunter  has  to  wait 
and  watch  on  the  beach  until  the  otter  is  washed  on  shore.  The  pelt  of  the 
otter  will  bring  the  hunter  from  seventy  dollars  to  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  dollars,  according  to  quality  and  color. 

Among  the  probable  industries  of  Chehalis  county  carried  on  at  pres- 
ent on  a  small  scale,  is  that  of  brick- making;  but  one  yard  at  present,  is  at 
Montesano,  doing  anything  like  an  extensive  business,  consequently  a  great 
many  brick  come  to  Ciray's  Harbor  from  San  Francisco  and  Portland.  At 
the  present  time  preparations  are  being  made,  on  a  somewhat  extensive  scale, 
to  manufacture  brick,  near  Hoquiam,  for  the  Northwestern  Lumber  Company. 
There  is  a  large  supply  of  gpod  clay  for  that  purpose  at  several  points  on 
Gray's  Harbor.  The  consumers  of  brick  have  to  pay  from  ten  dollars  to  thir- 
teen dollars  per  thousand  for  brick,  when  with  the  abundance  of  material  at 
hand,  they  ought  to  be  had  for  eight  dollars  per  thousand. 

Next  probable  industry  is  that  of  an  oil  refinery.     A  large  supply  of 
number  one  oil  has  been  discovered  issuing  from  the  ground  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  county,  this  oil  has  been  tested  by  experts  from    Pennsylvania, 
who  have  pronounced  it  first  class. 

PROBABLE    INDUSTRIES. 

In  connection  with  the  oil  refining,  will  no  doubt,  be  the  industry  of 
coal  mining.  A  good  quality  of  coal  is  reported  to  be  found  on  the  North 
river,  and  several  specimens  of  coal  have  been  brought  from  the  upper  Wish- 
kah.  The  nature  of  the  formation  of  the  bluff  land  of  Chehalis  county  shows 
that  coal  must  exist  in  abundance  there.  Sand  stone,  soap  stone,  clay  and 
blue  clay  is  found  on  all  the  rivers.  The  fact  that  Chehalis  county  has  not 
been  more  thoroughly  prospected  for  minerals  is  not  strange,  when  we  con 
sider  that  Gray's  Harbor,  though  marked  upon  the  map,  was  an  unknown 
spot  to  the  capitalist  and  seeker  for  homes  until  four  years  ago.  A  good 
Quality  of  mottled  marble  and  blue  slate  is  found  in  the  range  of  hills  in  the 
northwestern  part  of  the  county  ;  and  as  soon  as  roads  penetrate  these  hills, 
for  the  purpose  of  transporting  the  tiniDv  r,  from  that  region  to  the  Harbor, 
these  valuable  stones  will  be  introduced  in  building. 

With  a  prospect  of  a  railroad  connecting  this  country  with  the  Northern 
Pacific  system,  there  is  no  reason  why  various  small  factories  for  making 
buckets,  tubs,  broom  handles,  doors,  windows,  etc.,  should  not  be  estab- 
lished in  the  vicinity  of  (tray's  Harbor,  where  the  various  kinds  of  timber 
for  that  purpose  can  be  had  for  the  taking  of  it. 

The  building  of  small  boats  for  use  on  the  harbors  of  Southern  Califor- 


21 


ler  (mustela  peii- 
lericana),  beaver 
iller  animals  also 

iscription,  as  it  is 
le.  The  feeding 
's  Harbor.  The 
five  feet  high,  on 
and  on  this  the 
the  crest  of  each 
tch  may  continue 
lakes  his  appear- 
:k  is  heard,  and 
misses  his  mark; 
mnter  has  to  wait 
The  pelt  of  the 
dred  and  twenty- 

rried  on  at  pres- 
d  at  present,  is  at 
isequently  a  great 
nd  Portland.  At 
at  extensive  scale, 
,umber  Company, 
several  points  on 
en  dollars  to  thir- 
nce  of  material  at 

large  supply  of 
md  in  the  eastern 
m   Pennsylvania, 


the    industry  of 

nd  on  the  North 

the  upper  Wish- 

alis  county  shows 

stone,  clay  and 
s  county  has  not 
^e,  when  we  con- 
was  an  unknown 
s  ago.  A  good 
ge  of  hills  in  the 
etrate  these  hills, 

I  to   the  Harbor, 

ith  the  Northern 

)ries   for  making 

d   not  be  estab- 

kinds  of  timber 

Southern  Califor- 


nia promises  to  open  a  new  field  of  labor  for  mechanics  of  that  class.  As  has 
already  been  stated,  the  timber  required  for  such  p,  rposes  is  easily  procured  ; 
the  frames  being  all  natural  crooks,  the  timber  not  being  "brash,"  but 
springy  and  tough  ;  with  the  exception  of  the  sha/p  turns  of  large  boats  the 
timber  does  not  need  steaming  before  being  used  in  their  construction. 

The  establishment  of  a  first-class  foundry,  boiler  c.nd  machine  shop,  is 
not  only  one  of  the  needs  of  Gray's  Harbor,  but  is  a  necessity  that  promises 
during  the  coming  summer  to  be  supplied. 

Already  a  building  is  under  construction  fo'-  that  purpose.  At  present 
all  boiler  and  foundry  work  has  to  be  done  in  f  ortland  and  San  Francisco. 
This,  of  course,  works  a  hardship  on  the  m  iuufacturing  interests.  During 
the  past  year  several  boilers  were  purchased  outside  that  would  have  been 
bought  from  a  local  shop  had  there  been  one  here.  This  industry,  however, 
as  already  stated,  will  soon  be  an  established  fact,  as  a  gentleman  from  the 
east,  named  Miner,  is  preparing  to  move  machinery  and  foundry  apparatus 
to  Aberdeen  with  the  intention  of  engaging  in  that  business.  Mr.  Miner  is 
a  practical  foundryman  and  engine  builder,  and  will  no  doubt  make  a  success 
of  this  industry. 

RATES  OF  WAGES. 

As  will  be  seen  by  the  following  tables,  any  man  wishing  to  save  a  part 
of  his  wages  for  the  purpose  of  investment  or  making  a  home,  can  do  so 
without  any  special  effort  on  his  part,  so  far  as  cutting  down  the  quantity  or 
quality  of  the  necessities  of  life  is  concerned.  The  average  rate  of  wages 
paid  at  present  are  as  follows  : 

'Longshoremen '.  ...$3  00 

Bricklayers 5  00 

House  painters 2  50 

Carpenters  3  00 

Machinists,   per  day $3  00  to  $4  00 

Blacksmiths 4  00 

General  laborers 2  00 

Farm  laborers  (board   included^ 1   25 

Mill  hands,  per   month $50toi^i25 

LABOR  IN  H'MHER  CAMPS. 

P'oreman per  mo.  with  board  100  to  150 

Teamsters 1 00  to  1 25 

Choppers 75  to    85 

Skidders  and  swampers    50  to    65 

Hook  tender 65  to    85 

Sawyers 65  to    90 

Cooks  50  to    65 

It  cm  readily  be  seen  by  the  foreijoing  table  that  the  wage- worker  re- 
ceives fully  fifty  per  cent  mori-  for  his  labor  here  than  he  receives  for  the 
same  amount  of  skill  in  the  Middle  States.  The  above  schedule  is,  if  any- 
thing placed  at  a  low  figure. 

By  comparing  the  cost  of  living  with  that  of  the  Middle  States  it  will 
easily  be  seen  that  the  balance  is  in  favor  of  Chehalis  county. 

Flour  is  cheaper  here  than  in  the  :.st  ;  sugar,  tea  and  cofitee  are  the 
same.  Wrolen  good,  if  anything,  are  cheaper  here,  cotton  goods  almost  as 
cheap.     New    York   and  Chicago  "traveling  men"  are  competing  with  San 


I    •** 


fl 


Francisco  merchants  for  the  Pacific  Coast  trade  ;  of  this  competition  Che- 
halis  county  is  getting  her  share.  Cheap  underwear  and  leather  goods  are 
the  same  price  as  they  are  sold  in  the  eastern  retail  trade.  Canned  goods, 
such  as  fruit  and  fish,  are  cheaper  here  than  they  are  in  the  Middle  States. 
Rents  are  no  higher  ;  and  all  classes  of  building  materials,  as  is  usual  in  the 
construction  of  Western  homes,  is  much  cheaper  here  than  in  the  Middle 
States. 

Lumber,  common,  brings  from  $8  to  $10  per  looo  ;  ceiling,  flooring 
and  finish  from  $18  to  $20  per  1000  feet.  Here  we  see  at  once  that  what  is 
paid  for  the  poorest  quality  of  lumber  in  the  middle  states  is  paid  for  the  very 
best  here  ;  hence  it  is  much  easier  for  the  wage  worker  to  build  himself  a 
home  here  than  it  would  be  in  the  east,  and  there  is  no  reason  why  the  far- 
mer, mechanic  and  laborer  ot  Chehalis  county,  with  the  same  care  as  they 
were  in  the  habit  of  exercising  in  their  eastern  homes,  should  not  in  a  lew 
years  be  possessed  of  comfortable  homes,  and  in  old  age  be  comparatively 
independent. 

Capital  loaned  brings  12  per  cent,  per  annum  ;  capital  invested  in  build- 
ing brings  36  per  cent,  per  annum,  out  of  the  latter  must  of  course  be  de- 
ducted taxes  and  insurance.  The  mechanic  and  laborer  of  this  country 
dresses  better  and  lives  better  than  his  brother  in  the  C3st  ;  this  naturally 
gives  him  the  manly  spirit  that  should  belong  to  his  class,  and  this  accounts 
for  the  fact  that  he  who  in  the  east  prepares  himself  for  some  one  of  the  pro- 
fessions, when  he  arrives  here  and  sees  the  difference  in  social  position  held 
by  the  laborer,  has  no  compunction  in  putting  his  hand  at  once  to  the  axe, 
saw  or  plow. 

Between  Peterson's  point,  at  the  entrance  to  Gray's  Harbor,  and  North 
Cove,  for  a  distance  of  several  n^les  is  a  low,  narshy  bottom,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing thousand  of  bushels  of  cranberries  annually.  The  cranberries  brought 
from  that  region  are  of  a  very  fair  quality  bringing  in  the  market  from  fifty 
to  sixty  cents  per  gallon.  With  proper  cultivation  and  care  there  is  no  rea- 
son why  this  should  not  become  one  of  the  leading  agricultural  products  of 
the  county. 

In  the  upper  regions  of  the  several  riversvof  Chehalis  county  is  a  species 
of  fir  that  in  appearance  is  very  much  like  sugar  pine  ;  this  timber  splits 
easily  and  makes  excellent  stave  bolts.  These  stave  bolts  find  a  ready  mar- 
ket in  San  Francisco  at  a  good  figure,  and  with  the  opportunities  afforded 
to  send  them  to  market,  on  any  of  the  numerous  lumber  laden  vessels  which 
leave  Gray's  Harbor,  it  is  a  wonder  that  this  industry  is  not  engaged  in  more 
extensively  than  it  is  at  present.  A  peculiarity  of  the  timber  spoken  of  is 
that  it  is  not  pungent  or  pithy. 

PLEASURE  RESORTS. 

The  ocean  beach,  in  all  countries  where  it  is  accessible  to  the  seeker 
after  pleasure  and  health,  is  alw.iys  of'  alue  to  the  country  immediately  join- 
ing it.  Chehalis  county  possesses  several  resorts,  on  the  ocean  beach  and 
Gray's  Harbor,  where  the  merchant  or  professional  man,  wearied  with  the 
cares  and  anxieties  that  attend  these  pursuits,  may  find  rest  and  regain  his 
former  sp'its  and  health. 

The  principal  resorts  being  Brovn's  Point,  better  known  as  Damon's 
Point  on  the  north  side  of  the  entrance  to  Gray's  Harbor.  The  great  ad- 
vantage of  this  resort  is  that  it  fronts  both  on  the  ocean  and  the  Harbor  ; 
tents  can  be  pitched  on  the  inside  or  sheltered  part  of  the  point,  where  bath- 
ing is  .safe,   and  at  any  time  preferreil,    from  which  the  ocean  beach  can   be 


23 


npetition  Che- 
ther  goods  are 
Canned  goods, 
Middle  States, 
is  usual  in  the 
in   the  Middle 

iling,  flooring 
ice  that  what  is 
lid  for  the  very 
build  himself  a 
Dn  why  the  far- 
e  care  as  they 
d  not  in  a  few 
comparatively 

vested  in  build - 
course  be  de- 
of  this  country 
this  naturally 
d  this  accounts 
one  of  the  pro- 
al  position  held 
nee  to  the  axe, 

bor,  and  North 
capable  of  pro- 
berries  brought 
irket  from  fifty 
there  is  no  rea- 
Liral  products  of 

inty  is  a  species 
is  timber  splits 
id  a  ready  mar- 
inities  afforcled 
n  vessels  which 
igaged  in  more 
?r  spoken  of  is 


?  to  the  seeker 
mediately  join - 
ean  beach  and 
earied  with  the 
and    regain  his 

fn  as  Damon's 
The  great  ad- 
d  the  Harbor  ; 
It,  where  bath- 
bcach  can   be 


reached  in  less  than  fifteen  minutes.     The  drive  on  the  beach  for  many  miles 
is  superb. 

Near  the  southwest  corner  of  the  county,  within  three  miles  of  the  boun- 
dary line,  is  the  little  hamlet  of  North  Cove.  Situated  in  a  delightful  grove 
of  small  trees  it  is  completely  sheltered  from  the  ocean  winds  ;  though  not 
as  pleasant  a  bay  in  .some  respects  as  the  waters  which  surround  the  inside  of 
Damon's  Point,    it  is  nevertheless  in  many  respects  preferable  to  any  other 

f)art  of  this  section  of  the  ocean  beach.  A  drive  of  three  miles  through  de- 
ightful  woods,  broken  in  places  by  farm  houses,  will  bring  you  from  the 
ocean  beach,  when  coming  from  Gray's  Harbor,  to  the  resort  at  North  Cove. 
At  this  point,  if  you  do  not  wish  t(  swing  your  hammock  under  a  tree  or 
live  in  a  tent,  you  can  either  live  in  the  hotel  or  rent  a  cottage.  Convey- 
ances are  always  to  be  had  at  reasonable  rates,  and  fresh  farm  produce  is  at- 
tainable from  any  of  the  surrounding  farms.  At  this  point  is  established  one 
of  the  U.  S.  life  saving  stations,  and  the  daily  practice  of  the  crew  is  one  of 
the  summer  attractions.  Large  companies  of  pleasure  seekers  find  their  way 
to  these  resorts  yearly.  Those  out  for  the  day  choosing  Damon's  Point, 
and  those  intending  to  remain  a  month  or  less  choosing  North  Cove.  These 
places  are  not  only  sought  by  the  local  inhabitants  of  the  county,  but  by  per- 
sons from  Puget  Sound  and  Oregon. 

•  CONCLUSION. 

In  closing  up  this  article  on  Chehalis  county,  we  wish  to  state  that  our 
object  has  been  two-fold.  First,  to  publish  these  resources  and  thus  en- 
lighten the  outside  public  as  to  what  our  advantages  are  ;  second,  to  enable 
capital,  seeking  investment,  to  find  a  secure  and  reliable  source  of  revenue  ; 
and  to  enable  the  wage  worker  seeking  for  a  home  to  find  just  such  a  place 
as  will  suit  him.  In  conclusion,  we  will  say  that  while  Chehalis  county  has 
many  advantages  for  a  frugal,  industrious  person,  it  has  no  attractions  for 
the  shiftless  or  lazy  man. 


\ 


SOUTH  BAY. 

South  Bay,  or  the  south  arm  of  Gray's  Harbor,  covers  an  area  at  full 
tide  of  about  ten  square  miles,  and  is  navigable  for  deep  water  vessels  for  a 
distance  of  three  miles  from  the  entrance,  there  being  no  less  than  twenty-two 
feet  of  water  at  the  lowest  tide,  and  for  light  draught  vessels  one  mile 
further.  It  is  conceded  by  the  most  experienced  sea  captains  to  be  the  finest 
channel  of  any  harbor  on  the  coast,  it  being  perfectly  free  from  any  bars  or 
shoals  from  the  head  of  navigation  to  the  ocean.  It  is  absolutely  land 
locked,  and  any  vessel  entering  South  Bay  can  ride  at  anchor  in  perfect 
safety  in  the  worst  gale  that  ever  swept  the  deck  of  old  ocean. 

There  is  only  one  stream  of  any  importance  that  enters  South  Bay,  and 
that  is  Elk  river,  which  enters  at  the  head  of  the  Bay.  It  is  noted  for  its  fine 
trout  and  large  spruce  timber.  Coal  is  claimed  to  have  been  found  in  its 
banks  some  four  miles  up  by  some  hunters,  but  nothing  authentic  is  known 
as  yet. 

Next  to  the  water,  and  extending  back  to  the  upland  or  timber  line  and 
along  some  of  the  small  streams,  lie  ojr  famous  tide  prairies.  These  lands 
vary  in  length  from  two  rods  to  two  miles,  and  are  covered  by  a  very  nutri- 


24 


tious  grass  which  grows  fully  300  days  in  the  year,  and  furnishes  abundant 
feed  for  stock  the  year  round.  The  extreme  high  winter  tides  (new  and  full 
moon)  cover  this  ground  from  two  to  four  hours  each  day  and  to  a  depth  of 
from  six  inches  to  two  feet,  thereby  salting  the  grass  all  that  is  needed  for 
stock,  and  leaving  a  sediment  each  time  that  adds  richnesss  to  the  soil.  The 
soil  is  of  an  alluvial  nature  and  is  pronounced  by  experts  to  be  the  richest 
land  in  the  known  world,  and  when  diked  will  and  does  produce  wonderful 
results,  five  tons  of  hay  and  fifty  tons  of  beets  to  the  acre  being  no  uncom- 
mon yield  on  this  land  when  diked.  There  is  about  16,000  acres  of  this  tide 
land  around  South  Bay,  and  about  5,000  of  it  could  be  profitably  diked. 
There  is  as  yet  only  sixty  acres  under  dike,  and  not  over  ten  of  that  in  culti- 
vation for  the  reason  that  the  land  pays  good  dividends  for  stock,  and  the 
vegetable  farmers  are  very  scarce.  There  is  no  better  opening  anywhere 
and  no  more  profitable  investment  than  vegetable  farming,  and  right  here  on 
South  Bay  fifty  good  vegetable  farmers  can  get  all  the  land  they  want  in 
tracts  of  from  100  to  300  acres,  dike  and  divide  up  to  suit  them,  and  the  best 
market  in  the  world.  The  mills  on  Gray's  Harbor  ship  from  California  and 
Oregon  hundreds  of  tons  of  produce  which  ought  to  be  raised  here.  The 
land  is  now  cheap,  already  cleared,  and  with  ten  acres  of  diked  land  and  a 
good  sail  boat  a  man  can  soon  have  all  the  luxuries  of  life  and  lay  up  a  snug 
sum  for  old  age. 

Next  to  and  back  of  these  tide  lands  comes  the  great  timber  forests  so 
noted  throughout  the  world,  while  the  north  side  of  the  Harbor  furnishes 
the  best  fir  in  the  world.  We  on  South  Bay  have  the  finest  spruce,  cedar 
and  hemlock  on  earth,  and  together  Gray's  Harbor  can  lurnish  a  variety  ol 
timber  that  can  please  the  taste  of  any  lumber  manufacturer,  no  matter  how 
fastidious.  We  are  to-day  sending  out  millions  of  feet  of  sawed  lumber  and 
yet  shipping  in  shingles  with  a  world  of  fine  cedar  at  our  doors.  As  yet 
there  is  but  one  mill  on  South  Bay  ;  it  is  a  fine  one,  but  only  has  a  capacity 
of  50,000  per  day.  Col.  Laidlaw  has  a  fine  mill  site  and  will,  no  doubt,  in- 
crease the  size  of  his  mill.  There  are  several  fine  mill  sites  that  would  be 
donated  to  the  right  parties.  Anyone  who  means  business  wishing  to  en- 
gage in  manufacturing  anything  out  of  wood,  from  a  toothpick  to  a  four 
masted  ship,  will  find  South  Bay  the  place,  no  matter  how  large  or  small  a 
scale. 

Mineral  has  never  been  looked  for  to  any  extent.  Gold  has  been  found 
in  small  quantities  along  the  bed  and  banks  of  the  small  streams  entering  the 
head  of  South  Bay,  but  has  never  been  thoroughly  prospected;  it  is  also 
found  in  the  sand  near  the  entrance,  but  as  yet  don't  pay  to  work.  There 
are  fine  banks  of  potter's  clay,  also  a  .species  of  mineral  j)aint  at  Paine's 
point,  near  the  head  of  navigation,  which  would  afibrd  a  fine  opening  for 
anyone  engaged  in  that  line  ol  busine.ss. 

For  fish  we  have,  like  the  balance  of  the  Harbor,  salmon,  sturgeon, 
trout,  pogies,  cod  and  dozens  of  smaller  sorts,  also  millions  of  sardines,  and 
with  our  soft  shell  crabs  and  four  kinds  of  fine  clams  a  man,  no  matter  how 
poor,  need  not  starve.  For  game  we  have  bear,  elk,  deer,  millions  of  geese, 
ducks  and  pheasants.  Our  woods  are  full  of  berries  from  May  till  Decem- 
ber, and  the  most  healthful  and  the  most  comfortable  climate  on  earth  all  the 
year  round,  and  with  a  gentle  salt  sea  breeze  from  old  ocean  everybody  on 
South  Bay  feels  well  all  the  time,  consequently  is  happy. 

There  are  •  .  towns  in  South  Bay,  but  Gray's  Harbor  is  all  new  yet;  it 
is  off  from  the  :>eneral  line  of  travel  and  labors  uniler  many  disadvantages. 


Sh( 

wh 

res 

Sar 

hur 

me 

ent 

wh 

on 

A 

Soi 


:'  t 


'25 

She  has  no  town  company  or  railroad  to  advertise  and  boom  her,  but  those 
who  come,  stay,  and  we  are  getting  to  be  known  to  the  outside  world.  Our 
resources  are  aavertising  themselves.  We  have  the  best  harbor  between 
San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound;  with  this  advantage  we  are:  1st.  Three 
hundred  miles  nearer  the  world's  markets  than  Tacoma  by  water,  which 
means  a  distance  of  600  miles  saved  when  a  vessel  can  unload  here.  2d.  In 
entering  the  Sound  a  vessel  has  to  be  towed  200  miles  in  and  200  miles  out, 
which  means  an  expense  of  $1,000,  while  here,  with  a  city  on  South  Bay, 
only  three  miles  of  towage  is  necessary,  and  a  week's  time  saved  to  a  vessel. 
A  railroad  of  fifty-six  miles,  from  the  Northern  Pacific  to  deep  water  on 
South  Bay,  will  tell  the  story,  and  build  up  a  city  here  second  to  none  on 
the  coast.  The  time  is  approaching  when  this  will  be  done,  so  now  is  the 
time  to  come  here  and  get  a  foothold.  Land  is  cheap ;  resources  are  abund- 
ant, and  anyone  settling  here  with  plenty  of  nerve  to  stay  with  it  cannot  help 
but  succeed. 

.      R.  L.  A. 


LEWIS  B.  BIGNOLD, 

Insurance,  Abstracts  and  Collections, 
Notary  Public, 

MoNTESANO,  Wash.  Teb. 


JOSEPH  W.  ROBINSON, 

Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Counties  of 
Thurston,  Mason,  Lewis  and  Cowlitz, 

Olympia,  Wash.  Teb. 


BiGNOLD  &  ROBIESOi?. 


r  how 

geese, 

>ecem- 

all  the 

idy  on 

yet;  it 

tages. 

MONTESANO, 

Chehalis  County,  Washington  Ter. 


26 


MEDCALF  BROS. 


Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 


FRESH  #'  CURED  MEATS 


OF  ^LL  iciisriDe. 


MONTESANO, 


WASHINGTON  TER. 


SI.  nyc.  STJTTOTsr, 


CLERK  OF  THE  DISTRICT  COURT. 


h' 


r*  I 


CONVEYANCING, 


And  all  kinds  of  business  before  the  U.  S.  Land  Office 


Promptly  attended  to. 


'r\ 


MONTESANO, 


WASHINGTON  TER. 


G,  G,  CASE, 


E.  L  KOEHLER, 


mljraeur,  Wall  Pap 

KKN,   W.  '1'.  1 


er 


ABKRDK 


A  Fine  Stock  of 

Watches,  Jewelry. 

ETC..   ETC. 

Constantly  on  hand  at  the  Lowest  Eastern 
Prices. 

H.  H.  CASK,  Manager, 

220  &  221  I  Street. 


E  L  KOEHLER, 

ABKHDKKN,   W.  T. 

Fruits,  Nuts 

CONFECTIONERY, 

TOBACCO  and  CIGARS, 
STATIONERY,  ETC. 


B.  E.  HAHTIN, 


GENEKAL 


Blacliitli  I  WaiODinaler 

Also  Dealer  in 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMEHTS, 


Wagons,  Buhgiks,  Etc. 


ELMA, 


Wash.  Ter. 


PAIHTS.  OILS.  VARNISHES, 

'        ■  Etc.,  Etc. 

And    SPORTING    GOODS. 

ABERDEEN,  W.  T. 


E.  P.  FRENCH,  M.  D. 

Physician  and  Surgeon, 
ELMA,  w.  T. 


Proprietor  Elnia  Drug  Store. 


S.  K.  SLAUK  &  CO.  O.  M.  KELLOGG, 

18  Market  Street,  Abbrdrrn 

SAN  Francisco. 

S.  E.  SLADE  &  GO. 

Wholesale  Dealers  in 

Lumber,  Latli  and  Shiniles, 

ABERDEEN  AND  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


CARGOES  cur  TO  ORDER. 


d8 


J.  M.  WEATHERWAX, 


MANUFACTURER   OF 


PINE,  SPRUCE  AND  CEDAR 


LUMBER 


ANNUAL  OUTPUT, 

T\VENTY-FIVE     MILLIONS 


CARGOES  CUT  TO  ORDER. 


ALSO   DEALF,RS   IN 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE, 

Groceries,  Dry  Goods, 

Hardware,  Boots  and  Shoes, 

Tinware,  Paints  and  Oils, 


J.  M.  WEATHERWAX, 

ABERDEEN,  WASHINGTON  TER. 


C. 


i 


29 


6E0.  J.  M00DY, 


Qittozvmu    at*   Savu, 


District  Attorney  for  the  Counties  of 

Chehalia,    Pacific   and 

Wakiak«ni. 


ATTORNEY 

AND 

COUNSELOR  AT  LAW. 


COLLECTIONS  PROMPTLY  MADE. 


MONTESANO,  W.  T. 


MONTESANO,  W.  T. 


Office  in  Byles'  Block. 


I.  W.  CASE. 

Astoria. 


C.  N.  nVLES, 

Montesano. 


C.  N.  BYLES  &  CO, 

MONTESANO,         -  WASH  TEB. 


Drafts  Sold  and  Collections  Made  on 
all  accessible  points. 


Agents  for  Leading  Steamship  Lines 
to  European  Ports. 


THE 


IE 


oit% 


ELM  A,  W.  T. 


First-class  accominodations 
for  Mail  and  Beast. 


Anderson  &  Coombs, 


DEALERS  IN 


ELMA,  W.  T. 


Country  Produce  Bought  and 
Sold. 


JOHN  J.  CARNEY, 

'      .  ELMA,  W.  T. 

DEALER  IN 


Postmaster  and  Agent  for  Northwestern 
Express. 


30 


ABERDEEN  HOUSE 

WM.   ALLEN,   Proprietor. 

ABERDEEN,  CHEHALIS  CO.,  WASHINGTON  TFR. 


This  popular  Hotel  has  just  been  enlarged,  newly  furnished  and 

fitted  up  throughout. 
The  traveling  public  will  find  here 

THE  BEST  ACCOMMODATIONS 

To  be  had  on  Cray's  Harbor. 

Pleasantly  situated  at  the  foot  of  Heron  Street,  and  convenient 

to  public  dock  and 

STE AMBOi^T    LA.ISrDING. 


RATES: 

From  $1.50  to  $2.50  per  day;  Single  Lodging  from  25  to  75c. 

according  to  rooms.     Special  rates  to  regular  boarders 

an  application  at  the  office. 


Table  furnished  with  the  best  the  market  affords. 


S: 


m 


75C- 


THE 


ABERDEEN,  W.  T. 

By  all  odds  the  Finest  Hotel  Building 
west  of  Taconna. 


Will  be  open  to  the  Traveling  Public  about  July  ist,  1888. 
This  Hotel  is  situated  in  the  south  part  of  town,  convenient  to 
the  Weatherwax  Dock,  fronting  on  Gray's  Harbor,  and  is 

Ski'd  =Fini0l\ed  &  ^^ewly  J^^iii'ni^hed 

FROM    TOP   TO   BOTTOM. 

Mr.  Sargent  is  an  old  hotel  man  in  this  country,  thoroughly 
competent  to  judge  of  the  needs  of  his  guests,  and  to  look  out 
for  their  comfort. 

Rates  will  be  as  low  as  is  consistent  with 

FIRST   CLASS    ACCOMMODATIONS. 


Call  and  See  Us. 

SARGENT  &  MINARD,  PRORIETORS. 


32 


^i)%t#%#i^  Si^m^ 


OK 


C.   T.  V/OODING   &    Co. 


ABERDEEN,  WASH.  TER. 


Collections  made  on  all  accessible  points.      Agents  forjfirst- 

class  Insurance  Companies. 


LEWIS  &  DRYDEN'S 

Railway  Guide, 

A  Complete  Index  to  the  Transportation  System 
of  the  Northwest. 


PUBLISHED  HY 


The  lewis  S  DRYDEN  PRINTING  CO. 

Oregonian  Building, 
PORTLAND.  OREGON.     , 


at 


w^ 
^ 


H.  B.  MARCY, 


NlONTEvSANO, 


Wash.  Ter. 


I>HALKK    IN 


Dry    Goods,     Clothing, 

Hardware,  Glass,  Nails,  Putty,  etc. 


The  Oldest  Mercantile  Establisliiiient,  and  Largest  Stock  of 

Goods  in  Montesano. 


Prices  as  Low  as  is  consistent  with  first-class  goods. 


ARB    VOU 


GOING    EAST   OR  WEST? 


If  so,  be  sure 


and  ask  Ticket  Agent  for  tickets 
over  the 


It  is  composed  of 

CHICAGO,  ST.  PAUL,  MINN,  and  OMAHA  and 

CHICAGO  and  NORTHWESTERN 

RAILWAYS. 

It  is  positively  the  shortest  and  finest  line  to  Chicago  and 
all  points  East  and  South,  and  the  only  throngh  Car  Line  to 
Council  Bluffs  and  all  Missouri  River  points. 

They  run  the  finest  Vestibuled  trains  in  existence.  ^  Their 
Rock  Ballasted  Steel  Track,  magnificent  Dining  and  Sleeping 
Cars,  splendid  Train  Service  and  their  motto:  "Always  on 
time,"  have  made  the  Northwestern  a  national  reputation. 

Be  sure  and  take   this   Great   Highway  when  you 
travel  and  enjoy  luxury  on  the  rail. 

W.  H.  Mkad, 

Genl.  Agent,  Pa.-sV  Dept. 
T  W  TEASDALE,  No.  4  Washington  Street, 

G  P.  Agent,  PORTLAND,  ORE. 

St.  Paul,  Minn. 


35 


■        ABKRDEKN, 
Chehalis  County,  Washington  Territory. 


Views  of  all  the  popular  subjects  of   the   Pacific 

Northwest. 

Views  of  Schooners,  laden  with  lumber,  being 
towed  by  tugs  out  of  the  harbor. 

Moonlight  views  of  Aberdeen,  showing  the  city, 
harbor,  rivers,  and  entrance  to  the  ocean  15  miles  dis- 
tant. 

Views  of  logging  camps.  Views  of  the  largest  and 
thickest  timber.  Views  of  ranches  and  pre-emption 
claims. 

Views  of  the  ocean  beach,  where  each  particle  of 
spray  is  caught  by  the  instantaneous  process. 

A  .V  jne  sending  $5.00  will  receive  six  8x10  views, 
showing  volumes  of  this  country's  wealth. 

Address, 
.,  T.  W.  TOLLMAN, 

Box  21,  Aberdeen,  Wash.  Ter. 


i 


36 


Ttie  WeiQPaciliG  tailioail. 

THE  DINING  GAR  ROUTE  BETWEEN  THE  EAST 
AND  THE  PAGIFIG  COAST. 

SLEIIPING  CARS. — This  rompany  riiii«  tlie  Pullman  Palace  Drawing  Room  Sleep- 
ing Cars,  of  the  latest  airl  most  improved  pattern,  between  St.  Paul  and  Portland  and 
Taconia. 

DINING  CARS. — ^The  celebrated  Dining  Cars  owned  ami  managed  by  this  company 
in  the  interest  of  its  patrons,  are  run  on  all  through  trains.  Meals  in  these  cars  are  only 
75  cents. 

THROUGH  SECOND-CLASS  PASSENGERS  are  c^rried  in  Colonist  sleeping 
car  the  entire  distance  butweeu  8t.  Paul  and  Portland,  or  lacomaoii  daily  Express  trains. 
The  time  between  St.  Paul  and  Portland,  or  Taeoma  is  less  than  .">  days.  Second-class  pas- 
sengers can  get  meals  at  the  regidar  "Eating  Stations  "  along  tlie  line,  or  tliey  can  carry 
cooked  provisions  with  them,  and  buy  tea  or  coffee  at  the  eating  house,  and  eat  on  the  train  ; 
or  they  can  procure  articles  of  food  from  the  dining  car  at  low  vates  without  i,kavin(;  the 

TRAIN. 

STOP-OVER  CHECKS  SECOND-CLASS  TICKETS.-  In  order  that  holders 
of  through  .second-class  tickets,  reading  via  St.  Paul,  Minncapnlis  or  Dnlutli  tr,  Portland, 
Ore.,  Taconia,  W.  T.,  or  any  point  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  may  have  an  opportunity  to  ex- 
amine the  lands  offered  for  sale,  a  stop-over  for  ten  days  will  be  allowed  at  Spokane  Kails, 
or  any  point  west  thereof  in  Eastern  Washiiigton  Ifrritory;  also  at  all  points  in  Oregon,  on 
the  line  of  the  O.  K.  &  N.  Co.,  to  wliich  stoond-clas.s  rates  nre  (pioted,  and  at  points  on  the 
Pacific  or  Cascade  Divisions  of  the  Northern  Pacifii  li.  11.  between  Portland  an<l  Taconia, 
or  Pasco  and  Taconia. 


SAVE   $5.00 

By  seeing  that  your  Railroad  Ticket  to 

TACOMA, 

SEATTLE, 

OLYMPIA, 

••    VICTORIA, 

Or  otiier  NORTH  PACIFIC  COAST  POINTS  reads  via 

St.    Paul,    Minneapolis,    Dulutli    or    Ashland, 

AM.  THE  "CASCADE  DIVISION"  ofthk 

NORTHERIT  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


J.  M.  HANNAFOllD, 

Tratlic  Manager, 

St.  PAi't.,  Mi.NN. 


...    . .  ,if- 


CHAS.  s.  fi;e, 

(ileul.  i'ass'r  and  Ticket  Agt. 
St.  Paul,  M»nn. 


Assistant  (General  Passenger  Agent, 

PORTLAND,  OREGON. 


I    I 


I     I 


11 


\-  T 


Superior 
Stoves 


and  Range 


Superior 
Stoves 
and  Ranges 


We  have  now  on  hand  a  few  of  those  justly  celebrated 

"SUPERIOR"  RANGES, 

Fire  Backs  guaranteed  to  last  fifteen  years. 


*  We  also  carry  a  full  and  complete  stock  of 

COC^INC    AND    HEATING    STOVES,    TINWARE, 

Ci  jckery  and  glassware,  wooden 

AND  WILLOW  WARE. 


Fronts,  Oils,  "garnishes  Putty  and  Glass, 


DOORS 


D     WINDOWS. 


Buyyj.r  wife  one  of  o^pi^ffER  WASHING, MACHINES  and  save 
Time,  Labor  and  Temper.     Sold  on  Sixty  Days  Trial. 


COCHRAN     BROS., 


\ 


Montesano, 


Washington,  Ty. 


Leading    Paper    of    Cnelcia%i0^,OOtxtitf.A 

PUBLISHED   WEEKLl 

—  AT  — 

ABERDEEN,    WASHINGTON 
EDWA()D  C.   FINCH. 

The  Herald  ta  the  Official  paper  of  Chehalis  County.     Its  circuli 

past  year. 

Subscription  in  advance,  «2,50  per  year;    $1.^  for  six  nionth8| 
Advertising  rates  made  known  on  apphcatioi 


FIRST-CLASS     JOB      OKFI 


Nbw  Yobk  Office, 


4 


359  Broadway. 


San  FranoI 
2l5 


TOKLffiS  8c  KRUFMM,,. 


TheLeadinsf  Merchants 

Only  Direct  Inioortera  and  Dealers  in 


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